Hypopharyngeal cancer natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [2]

Overview

If left untreated hypopharyngeal cancer produces few symptoms early in its course. Once the tumor has expanded from its site of origin, it may obstruct the aerodigestive passages. Common complications of hypopharyngeal cancer include airway obstruction, dysphagia, pain during swallowing, and disfigurement of the neck or face. The prognosis varies with the type of hypopharyngeal cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma of hypopharynx has the most unfavorable prognosis.

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Natural History

• If left untreated hypopharyngeal cancer produces few symptoms early in its course.
• Once the tumor has expanded from its site of origin, it may obstruct the aerodigestive passages.

Complications

Common complications of hypopharyngeal cancer include:

• Airway obstruction
• Dysphagia
• Pain during swallowing
• Disfigurement of the neck or face
• Hardening of the skin of the neck
• Hoarseness and speaking ability
• Metastasis

Prognosis

The prognosis varies with the type of hypopharyngeal cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma of hypopharynx has the most unfavorable prognosis. Based on staging, the prognosis is as follows:

• Stage I-II: 47% 5-year survival
• Stage III-IVb: 30% 5-year survival
• Stage IVc: 16% 5-year survival