Ascites causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: M.Umer Tariq [2] Carlos A Lopez, M.D. [3]

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

• Acute liver failure
• Hepatic failure
• Hepatorenal syndrome
• Liver fibrosis
• Liver cirrhosis

Common Causes

• Budd-Chiari syndrome
• Cancer
• Cirrhosis
• Constrictive pericarditis
• Heart failure
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Pancreatitis
• Serositis
• Tuberculosis

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Arteriovenous fistula, Budd-Chiari syndrome, cardiac amyloidosis, cardiomegaly, cardiomyopathy, cholesterol pericarditis, congestive heart failure, constrictive pericarditis, congestive heart failure, constrictive pericarditis, tuberculous pericarditis, chylous ascites, cor pulmonale, Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis, endomyocardial fibrosis, heart failure, inferior vena cava web, lymphatic obstruction, lymphangioma, Kaposiform hemangio-endothelioma, inferior vena cava syndrome, pericarditis, right heart failure, tricuspid insufficiency, tricuspid regurgitation, tricuspid stenosis, tricuspid valve disease, veno-occlusive disease, ventriculoperitoneal shunt, Waldmann disease
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Acyclovir, mercaptopurine, pramipexole, thalidomide
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Hypothyroidism, thyroxine deficiency, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Acute liver failure, acute pancreatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, ascending cholangitis, biliary atresia, biliary fistula, Budd-Chiari syndrome, cholangiocarcinoma, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, chronic hepatitis,cirrhosis, colorectal cancer, congenital liver fibrosis, end stage liver failure, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, esophageal cancer, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome, fulminant liver failure, granulomatous peritonitis, hemochromatosis, hepatic failure, hepatic venoocclusive disease with immunodeficiency, hepatitis, hepato-biliary diseases, idiopathic liver cirrhosis, krukenberg tumor, liver cancer, liver damage, Ménétrier's disease, Mosse syndrome, neonatal hepatitis, nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver, nutmeg liver, obliterative portal venopathy, obstructive jaundice, pancreatic cancer, pancreatic fistula, peritonitis, portal hypertension, portal vein occlusion, portal vein thrombosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, pseudomyxoma peritonei, secondary biliary cirrhosis, severe hepatitis, stomach cancer, tuberculous peritonitis, Waldmann disease, Whipple disease
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, Banti's Syndrome, Budd-chiari syndrome, diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, erythroblastosis fetalis , extramedullary haemopoiesis, hemolytic disease of the newborn, mastocytosis, Mosse syndrome, Tang Hsi Ryu syndrome
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Alveolar hydatid disease, amebiasis, bilharzia, chronic hepatitis, chronic viral hepatitis, cytomegalovirus, echinococcosis, Epstein Barr virus, filariasis, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome, acute hepatitis A, acute hepatitis B, acute hepatitis C, acute Hepatitis D, acute hepatitis E, herpes simplex infection, hookworm disease, Kaposiform hemangio-endothelioma, leptospirosis, malaria, portal hypertension in schistosomiasis, poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, Rubella virus infection, schistosomiasis, hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, sleeping sickness, strongyloidiasis, Stuartbras disease, liver disease in syphilis, toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, tuberculous peritonitis, tularemia, Whipple disease, yellow fever virus infection
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	Crigler-Najjar syndrome, Dubin-Johnson syndrome, Gilbert's syndrome, hemochromatosis, hypoalbuminemia, Kwashiorkor, Rotor's syndrome VLCAD deficiency, Wilson's Disease
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Meigs' syndrome, mirror syndrome
Oncologic	Anasarca , Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, angiosarcoma of the liver, bladder cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, cirrhosis of liver, colorectal cancer, desmoplastic small round cell tumor esophageal cancer, liver cancer, liver cirrhosis, lung cancer, Meig's syndrome, metastasis, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, pelvic region cancers, pseudomyxoma peritonei, stomach cancer, WAGR syndrome, Wilms tumor, yolk sac tumor
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Cor pulmonale, lung cancer, mesothelioma, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary hypertension
Renal / Electrolyte	Hepatorenal syndrome, nephrotic syndrome
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Chronic bacterial infection, erythroblastosis fetalis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, eosinophilic peritonitis, hemolytic disease of the newborn, hemolytic anemia, hepatic venoocclusive disease with immunodeficiency, hepatoma, immunoproliferative diseases, primary biliary cirrhosis, systemic lupus erythematosus
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Bladder rupture
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Hypervolemia, idiopathic, metastasis, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, POEMS syndrome

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Acute liver failure

Acute pancreatitis

Acyclovir

Alcoholic hepatitis

Alcoholic liver disease

Alveolar hydatid disease

Amebiasis

Anasarca

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma

Angiosarcoma of the liver

Arteriovenous fistula

Ascending cholangitis

Banti's Syndrome

Bilharzia

Biliary atresia

Biliary fistula

Bladder cancer

Budd-Chiari syndrome

Cardiac amyloidosis

Cardiomegaly

Cardiomyopathy

Cholangiocarcinoma

Cholecystitis

Cholelithiasis

Cholesterol pericarditis

Chronic bacterial infection

Chronic hepatitis

Chronic viral hepatitis

Chylous ascites

Cirrhosis of liver

Cirrhosis

Colorectal cancer

Congenital liver fibrosis

Congestive heart failure

Constrictive pericarditis

Cor pulmonale

Crigler-Najjar syndrome

cytomegalovirus

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor

Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis

Dubin-Johnson syndrome

Echinococcosis

End stage liver failure

Endomyocardial fibrosis

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis

Epstein Barr virus

Erythroblastosis fetalis

Esophageal cancer

Extramedullary haemopoiesis

Filariasis

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

Fulminant liver failure

Gilbert's syndrome

Granulomatous peritonitis

Heart failure

Hemochromatosis

Hemolytic anemia

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Hepatic failure

Hepatic venoocclusive disease with immunodeficiency

acute hepatitis A

acute hepatitis B

acute hepatitis C

acute Hepatitis D

acute hepatitis E

Hepatitis

Hepato-biliary diseases

Hepatoma

Hepatorenal syndrome

herpes simplex infection

Hookworm disease

Hypervolemia

Hypoalbuminemia

Hypothyroidism

Idiopathic liver cirrhosis

Immunoproliferative diseases

Inferior vena cava syndrome

Inferior vena cava web

Kaposiform hemangio-endothelioma

Krukenberg tumor

Kwashiorkor

Leptospirosis

Liver cancer

Liver cirrhosis

Liver damage

Loeffler syndrome

Lung cancer

Lymphangioma

Lymphatic obstruction

Malaria

Mastocytosis

Meig's syndrome

Ménétrier's disease

Mercaptopurine

Mesothelioma

Metastasis

Mirror syndrome

Mosse syndrome

Neonatal hepatitis

Nephrotic syndrome

Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver

Nutmeg liver

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome

Obliterative portal venopathy

Obstructive jaundice

Ovarian cancer

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

Pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic fistula

Pelvic region cancers

Pericarditis

Peritonitis

POEMS syndrome

Portal hypertension

Portal hypertension in schistosomiasis

Portal vein occlusion

Portal vein thrombosis

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

Pramipexole

Primary biliary cirrhosis

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Pseudomyxoma peritonei

Pulmonary hypertension

Right heart failure

Rotor's syndrome

Rubella virus infection

Schistosomiasis

hepatosplenic schistosomiasis

Secondary biliary cirrhosis

Severe hepatitis

Sleeping sickness

Stomach cancer

Strongyloidiasis

Stuartbras disease

liver disease in syphilis

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Tang Hsi Ryu syndrome

Thalidomide

Thyroxine deficiency

Toxoplasmosis

Tricuspid insufficiency

Tricuspid regurgitation

Tricuspid stenosis

tricuspid valve disease

Tuberculosis

Tuberculous pericarditis

Tuberculous peritonitis

Tularemia

Veno-occlusive disease

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt

VLCAD deficiency

WAGR syndrome

Waldmann disease

Whipple disease

Wilms tumor

Wilson's Disease

yellow fever virus infection

Yolk sac tumor

Fetal Ascites

Causes of fetal ascites include:

• Urinary ascites
• Bowel rupture (i.e. meconium peritonitis)
• Ruptured ovarian cyst
• Hydrops
• Pseudoascites
• Infection