Hamartoma classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]{AE}}Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]
Overview
Hamartomas may be classified into different types based on their location, such as; lung (most common), heart, hypothalamus, kidneys, or spleen. Other classifications can consider lesion class, dividing hamartomas into 4 different categories, such as; Bone-forming, cartilage-forming, fiber-forming and benign non–matrix-forming.
Classification
Based on the genetic mutations, hereditary hamartomatous syndromes carry different gene mutations.
Familial inheritance
All the syndromes are inherited in the autosomal dominant manner and are conditioned by mutations in four genes, which are: BMPR1A, SMAD4, PTEN and STK11.
- Juvenile polyposis syndrome
- Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
- Hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome
- PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome
- Cowden syndrome
- Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome
- Proteus’es syndrome
Location
Based on the location, hamartomas can be classified into the following sub-types:
* Bone-forming tumors
* Cartilage-forming tumors
* Fiber-forming tumors
- Nonossifying fibroma
- Fibrous dysplasia
- Mazabraud syndrome
* Benign non–matrix-forming tumors