Mumps epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
In 2006, the United States experienced a multi-state outbreak involving 6584 reported cases of mumps. This resurgence predominantly affected midwestern college students with the highest attack rates occurring among those living in dormitories. In the following two years, the number of reported cases returned to usual levels, and outbreaks involved fewer than 20 cases.
However, beginning in July 2009, the largest U.S. mumps outbreak since 2006 has occurred. The index case was an 11-year-old boy who had returned on June 17 from the United Kingdom where an ongoing mumps outbreak involves more than 4000 cases. Because of the potential for more extensive disease transmission, efforts should be made to heighten surveillance for mumps and assure that children and adults are appropriately vaccinated against this disease.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 212,000 mumps case occurred in 1964, in contrast to 229 in 2012 in the United States.
- Since the initiation of the MMR vaccination program in the United States, the incidence of mumps has declined by 99%.
- Currently, the number of cases per year ranges from a couple hundred to a couple thousand.
Age
- Mumps predominantly occurs in school-age children (5-14 years).
- Sporadic outbreaks have occurred in adolescents.
Gender
- Males and females are equally affected by mumps.
Race
- Between 1988 ad 1993, there was a higher incidence of mumps in African Americans and Hispanics.
- Currently there is no significant difference in mumps rates between races.
Developed Countries
- Mumps is uncommon in the United States and other developed countries. However sporadic outbreaks have occurred, predominantly in environments that involve close contact or high level of social interaction.
Developing Countries
- According to the World Health Organization (WHO) reports, only 57% of countries belonging to the organization use mumps vaccine. Therefore mumps still remains endemic in many developing (and developed) countries.[1]
Recent Mumps Outbreaks
I. United Kingdom: 2004 - 2005
- Between 2004 to 2005, the United Kingdom experienced an epidemic when 56,390 cases of mumps were reported.
- Majority of cases occurred in individuals between ages 15-24 years.
- Majority of patients did not have 2 doses of the MMR vaccine and only 30.1% of patients in 2004 had received 1 dose.[2]
II. United States: 2005 - 2006
Although there may not be a direct link with the mumps outbreak in Ireland, United States CDC Director Dr. Julie Gerberding has been quoted stating that the genotype from the U.S. outbreak, in the early cases of this outbreak, was the same genotype of virus that was associated with the United Kingdom outbreak. [3]
Entrez Gene contains a placeholder database record for a new Mumps gene; the record is dated 23 Feb 2006.[4]
On 31 January 2007, 6404 cases of mumps in 2006 compared to 314 in 2005. As of today, YTD 15 deaths in the United States were reported.[5]
Resources
References
- ↑ "Global status of mumps immunization and surveillance". Relevé Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire / Section D'hygiène Du Secrétariat De La Société Des Nations = Weekly Epidemiological Record / Health Section of the Secretariat of the League of Nations. 80 (48): 418–24. 2005. PMID 16350930. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2006). "Mumps epidemic--United kingdom, 2004-2005". MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 55 (7): 173–5. PMID 16498380.