Mumps natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S. [2]; Nate Michalak, B.A.
Overview
A majority of the patients infected with mumps usually recover completely. However, mumps can occasionally cause complications, and some of them can be serious. Complications may occur even if the patient does not have swollen salivary glands (parotitis) and are more common in people who have reached puberty.
Natural History
Complications
- Symptoms in teenagers and adults may be more severe.
- Complications are relatively rare but may occur in asymptomatic patients and are more common in people who have reached puberty.
- The most common complication is orchitis in post-pubertal males.[1]
- Occurs in approximately 20% of cases in this population
- Orchitis is typically unilateral and testicular atrophy may occur
- Infertility or subfertility is rare but may occur[2] [3] [4]
- Oophoritis and/or mastitis in approximately 5% of post-pubertal females
- Unilateral or less common bilateral transient sensorineural hearing loss - permanent deafness has occurred but is rare[7]
- Meningitis
- Encephalitis
- Spontaneous abortion in about 27% of cases during the first trimester of pregnancy
- Pancreatitis in about 5% of cases[8]
Prognosis
The disease is self-limiting, and the prognosis is generally good, even if other organs are involved. After the illness, life-long immunity to mumps generally occurs. Sterility in men secondary to testicular involvement and death are very rare occurrences.
Resources
References
- ↑ Mumps. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (May 29, 2015). http://www.cdc.gov/mumps/index.html Accessed March 09, 2016.
- ↑ Preveden T, Jovanovic J, Ristic D (1996). "Fertility in men after mumps infection without manifestations of orchitis". Med Pregl. 49 (3–4): 99–102. PMID 8692089.
- ↑ Shakhov EV, Krupin VN (1990). "The clinico-statistical characteristics of the testicular generative function in male subfertility following mumps". Urol Nefrol (Mosk) (2): 46–50. PMID 2368216.
- ↑ Tsvetkov D (1990). "Spermatological disorders in patients with postmumps orchitis". Akush Ginekol (Sofiia). 29 (6): 46–9. PMID 2100952.
- ↑ Galazka AM, Robertson SE, Kraigher A (1999). "Mumps and mumps vaccine: a global review". Bull World Health Organ. 77 (1): 3–14. PMC 2557572. PMID 10063655.
- ↑ Gupta, R. K (2005). "Mumps and the UK epidemic 2005". BMJ. 330 (7500): 1132–1135. doi:10.1136/bmj.330.7500.1132. ISSN 0959-8138.
- ↑ Hashimoto H, Fujioka M, Kinumaki H, Kinki Ambulatory Pediatrics Study Group (2009). "An office-based prospective study of deafness in mumps". Pediatr Infect Dis J. 28 (3): 173–5. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e31818a8ca8. PMID 19209100.
- ↑ Nussinovitch M, Volovitz B, Varsano I (1995). "Complications of mumps requiring hospitalization in children". Eur J Pediatr. 154 (9): 732–4. PMID 8582424.