Cervicitis causes

	Cervicitis Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hilda Mahmoudi M.D., M.P.H.^[2] Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [3]

Overview

Cervicitis can be caused by any of a number of infections, of which the most common are chlamydia and gonorrhea, with chlamydia accounting for approximately 40% of cases. Trichomonas vaginalis and herpes simplex are less common causes of cervicitis. Non-infectious causes of cervicitis can include intrauterine devices, contraceptive diaphragms, and allergic reactions to spermicides or latex condoms.

Causes

Cervicitis can be caused by infectious and non-infectious causes.

Common Causes

The most common cause of infectious cervicitis are by Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that include:

Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Herpes Simplex virus (genital herpes)mostly type 2
Human papilloma virus (genital warts)
Trichomoniasis

Non-infectious causes of cervicitis include:

local trauma to the cervix

Behcet's syndrome

Cervical cap

Chlamydia trachomatis

Contraceptive creams

Contraceptive diaphragm

Foreign bodies

Intrauterine device

Latex condom

Malignancy

Radiation therapy

Reactive arthritis

Reiter's disease

Spermicides

Surgical instruments

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Bacterial vaginosis, chlamydia trachomatis, fungi, herpes simplex virus, human papilloma virus, mycoplasma genitalium, neisseria gonorrhoeae, parasites, streptococci group A, trichomonas vaginalis, tuberculosis, viruses
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric / Gynecologic	Nabothian cyst
Oncologic	Malignancy
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Behcet's syndrome, contraceptive creams, latex condom, reactive arthritis, Reiter's Disease, spermicides, systemic inflammatory diseases
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Cervical cap, contraceptive diaphragm, intrauterine device, pessary, surgical instruments, tampon
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Foreign bodies, radiation therapy, vaginal douches