Zika virus infection historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D.; Nate Michalak, B.A.; Serge Korjian M.D.
Overview
Zika virus was first isolated from a rhesus Monkey in 1947 in Uganda. The virus was first isolated from humans in 1968 in Nigeria. Since then, viral circulation and outbreaks have been documented throughout Asia and Africa. The most recent outbreak occurred in Brazil in April 2015.
Historical Perspective
- Zika virus was first isolated in 1947 from a rhesus monkey in the Zika Forest of Uganda. The first human isolation of the virus occurred in 1968 in Nigeria.[1]
- Between 1951 through 1981, evidence of human infection was additionally reported in the following countries:[1]
- Africa: Tanzania, Egypt, Central African Republic, Sierra Leone, and Gabon
- Asia: India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia
- The first outbreak of Zika virus outside of Africa and Asia occurred in April 2007 on the Yap Island in the Federated States of Micronesia. The disease was initially thought to be dengue, but the Chikungunya and Ross River viruses were also suspected.[1]
- A larger outbreak of Zika virus occurred in the Brazilian district of Camaçari and neighboring Salvador City in April 2015. An unknown agent was causing flu-like symptoms, followed by rash and arthralgia, in approximately 500 individuals. RT-PCR techniques by researchers at the Federal University of Bahia confirmed the causative organism to be Zika virus.[2]
- On February 1st, 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Zika virus a public health emergency.
- On February 8th, 2016, president Obama announced 1.8 billion funds to accelerate research into a vaccine educate populations at risk for disease.[3]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Hayes EB (2009). "Zika virus outside Africa". Emerg Infect Dis. 15 (9): 1347–50. doi:10.3201/eid1509.090442. PMC 2819875. PMID 19788800.
- ↑ Campos GS, Bandeira AC, Sardi SI (2015). "Zika Virus Outbreak, Bahia, Brazil". Emerg Infect Dis. 21 (10): 1885–6. doi:10.3201/eid2110.150847. PMC 4593454. PMID 26401719.
- ↑ CDC https://www.cdc.gov/zika/about/whatcdcisdoing.html (September, 2016) Accessed on September 14, 2016