Neutropenia pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Daniel A. Gerber, M.D. [2]

Overview

Neutropenia may develop as a result of one of the three mechanisms: impaired granulocyte production, margination, and peripheral destruction. Genes involved in the pathogenesis of neutropenia include ELA2, HAX1, and CXCR4.

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

Neutropenia may develop as a result of one of the three mechanisms:

1) Impaired granulocyte production

• Hematologic malignancy with bone marrow infiltration
• Myelosuppressive chemotherapy or other medications that are toxic to the bone marrow
• Nutritional deficiencies

2) Margination (process where free flowing blood cells exit circulation)

• Splenic sequestration
• Adherence to the vascular endothelium

3) Peripheral destruction

• Autoimmune hemolysis
• Drug-induced hemolysis

Genetics

Genes involved in the pathogenesis of neutropenia include ELA2, HAX1, and CXCR4.