Amoebic liver abscess natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Natural History
If left untreated, amoebic liver abscess may disseminate to other organs leading to death.[1]
Complications
The complications of amoebic liver abscess develop due to rupture of the abscess into the abdomen or chest cavity. The complications include:[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]
- Peritonitis
- Pericarditis/pneumopericardium/tamponade
- Pleuropulmonary/pneumothorax (the right lung and pleural space are frequently effected because of their proximity to the liver)
- Obstructive jaundice
- Bacterial superinfection
- Cutaneous fistulization, chest and abdominal wall
- Inferior vena cava obstruction
- Hemobilia/thoracobilia
- Internal fistulization
- Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
- Venous and arterial thrombosis
Prognosis
- Prognosis is good with treatment. Patients who are treated have high chance of complete recovery or minor complications.
- If left untreated, abscess ruptures leading to death.
Poor prognostic factors include:[14]
- Multiple abscesses
- Abscess volume greater than 500 ml
- Elevated right hemidiaphragm
- Pleural effusion on chest radiography
- Anemia (hemoglobin <10g/dl)
- Albumin <2g/dl
- Bilirubin level >3.5mg/dl
- Hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin <2.0g/dl)
- Diabetes
- Encephalopathy
References
- ↑ Kurt Ö, Aktaş N, Çalışkan C, Karatuna O, Aygün H, Akyar I (2015). "[Amoebic liver abscess in a patient initially diagnosed with pneumonia: case report and discussion of relevant literature]". Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 39 (1): 70–4. doi:10.5152/tpd.2015.3608. PMID 25917589.
- ↑ Meng XY, Wu JX (1994). "Perforated amebic liver abscess: clinical analysis of 110 cases". South Med J. 87 (10): 985–90. PMID 7939926.
- ↑ Peres LC, Saggioro FP, Dias LB, Alves VA, Brasil RA, Luiz VE; et al. (2008). "Infectious diseases in paediatric pathology: experience from a developing country". Pathology. 40 (2): 161–75. doi:10.1080/00313020701816357. PMID 18203038.
- ↑ Salles JM, Moraes LA, Salles MC (2003). "Hepatic amebiasis". Braz J Infect Dis. 7 (2): 96–110. PMID 12959680.
- ↑ Archampong EQ (1972). "Peritonitis from amoebic liver abscess". Br J Surg. 59 (3): 179–81. PMID 5014518.
- ↑ Sarda AK, Bal S, Sharma AK, Kapur MM (1989). "Intraperitoneal rupture of amoebic liver abscess". Br J Surg. 76 (2): 202–3. PMID 2702459.
- ↑ Ganesan TK, Kandaswamy S (1975). "Amebic pericarditis". Chest. 67 (1): 112–3. PMID 1235314.
- ↑ Ibarra-Pérez C (1981). "Thoracic complications of amebic abscess of the liver: report of 501 cases". Chest. 79 (6): 672–7. PMID 7226956.
- ↑ Shamsuzzaman SM, Hashiguchi Y (2002). "Thoracic amebiasis". Clin Chest Med. 23 (2): 479–92. PMID 12092041.
- ↑ Adeyemo AO, Aderounmu A (1984). "Intrathoracic complications of amoebic liver abscess". J R Soc Med. 77 (1): 17–21. PMC 1439560. PMID 6699845.
- ↑ Lyche KD, Jensen WA (1997). "Pleuropulmonary amebiasis". Semin Respir Infect. 12 (2): 106–12. PMID 9195675.
- ↑ Lyche KD, Jensen WA, Kirsch CM, Yenokida GG, Maltz GS, Knauer CM (1990). "Pleuropulmonary manifestations of hepatic amebiasis". West J Med. 153 (3): 275–8. PMC 1002529. PMID 2219891.
- ↑ Takhtani D, Kalagara S, Trehan MS, Chawla Y, Suri S (1996). "Intrapericardial rupture of amebic liver abscess managed with percutaneous drainage of liver abscess alone". Am J Gastroenterol. 91 (7): 1460–2. PMID 8678020.
- ↑ Sharma MP, Dasarathy S, Verma N, Saksena S, Shukla DK (1996). "Prognostic markers in amebic liver abscess: a prospective study". Am J Gastroenterol. 91 (12): 2584–8. PMID 8946991.