Toxic shock syndrome epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Epidemiology and Demographics
General Incidence and Prevalance
- TSS became a nationally notifiable disease in 1980. After the initial epidemic, the number of reported cases decreased significantly. Active surveillance during 1986 which was conducted in various parts of the United States confirms the decreasing trend. The cumulative incidence (0.5 per 100,000 population) confirmed the substantial decrease in the incidence of menstrual TSS observed in the passive surveillance system. Incidence rates decreased from 6 to 12 per 100,000 among women 12 to 49 years of age (10,11) in 1980 to 1 per 100,000 among women 15 to 44 years of age in 1986.[1]
- MRSA strains have increased in prevalence during the last decade and MRSA have been reported as the cause of TSS.[2]
Gender based differences
- Approximately half the cases of staphylococcal TSS reported today are associated with tampon use during menstruation, usually in young women, though TSS also occurs in children, men, and non-menstruating women.
- Women aged 13–24 years had the highest incidence with an annual rate of menstrual TSS of 1.41 cases per 100,000 based on incidence data from 2000-2003.
- It has been estimated that each year 1 to 17 of every 100,000 menstruating females will get TSS. In the US in 1997, only five confirmed menstrual-related TSS cases were reported, compared with 814 cases in 1980, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
- ↑ "Toxic Shock Syndrome in the United States: Surveillance Update, 1979–19961 - Volume 5, Number 6—December 1999 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC".
- ↑ DeVries AS, Lesher L, Schlievert PM, Rogers T, Villaume LG, Danila R, Lynfield R (2011). "Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome 2000-2006: epidemiology, clinical features, and molecular characteristics". PLoS ONE. 6 (8): e22997. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022997. PMC 3157910. PMID 21860665.