Toxic shock syndrome physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2]
Physical Examination
Vital Signs
- Hypotension: systolic blood pressure of ≤90 mmHg for adults or less than fifth percentile by age for children <16 years of age, which may be unresponsive to fluid infusion even large amounts of isotonic intravenous fluids
- Fever
- Tachycardia (as a result of shock and hypotension)
- Tachypnea: may be pressent as a result of pulmonary edema secondary to shock
Neurologic and psychologic
- Cerebral edema
- Seizure activity
- Headaches, memory loss,disorientation and poor concentration ,
- Somnolence, irritability, agitation, and hallucinations
- Confusion without any focal neurological findings
Gastrointestinal
- Vomiting
- Watery Diarrhea
- Hepatic Failure: Which may present with hepatomegaly, hypoalbuminemia, non-pitting edema
Renal
- Prerenal failure: Decrease in urinary output, due to dehydration and shock
- Metabolic abnormalities related to RF such as hypocalcemia, hyponatremia, and hypophosphatemia and their related signs and symptoms
CardioPulmonary
Skin and moucosa
- Diffuse pruritic maculopapular rash with palm and soles desquamation
- Erythroderma
- Superficial ulcerations that may lead to petechiae, vesicles, and bullae development
- Conjunctival-scleral hemorrhage and hyperemia of the vaginal and oropharyngeal mucosa
- Non-pitting edema
- Hair and nail loss
References
- ↑ "Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 8th edition - Judith Tintinalli, J. Stapczynski, O. John Ma, David M. Cline, Garth Meckler - Google Books".
- ↑ Chesney RW, Chesney PJ, Davis JP, Segar WE (1981). "Renal manifestations of the staphylococcal toxic-shock syndrome". Am. J. Med. 71 (4): 583–8. PMID 7282746.
- ↑ Olson RD, Stevens DL, Melish ME (1989). "Direct effects of purified staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 on myocardial function of isolated rabbit atria". Rev. Infect. Dis. 11 Suppl 1: S313–5. PMID 2928649.