Toxic shock syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Toxic shock syndrome after initial presentation, may rapidly lead to multiorgan system failure with serious morbidity and mortality, if left untreated. Appropriate treatment leads to full recovery of the patient.
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
During the early phase of development of Toxic shock syndrome (TSS), the patient will develop severe ‘flu-like’ symptoms such as a high fever, vomiting, a sun-burn like rash, muscle-aches and general weakness. If left untreated, these symptoms may progress to hypotension, tachycardia, high grade fever, diarrhoea, vomiting, irritability, drowsiness and eventually organ faliure. Early recognition and aggressive management can decrease the overall morbidity and mortality of Toxic shock syndrome.
Complications
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) may lead to the following complications:
- Severe organ dysfunction
- Shock
- Patients with initial soft tissue infection due to Group A Streptococci (GAS), presenting as toxic shock syndrome may deteriorate rapidly leading to necrotizing fasciitis and myositis, which may give rise to a compartment syndrome with associated rhabdomyolysis.[1]
Prognosis
- Some of the factors which may lead to a poor outcome for a patient suffering from toxic shock syndrome are:
- Low leukocyte count
- Low platelet count
- Low blood pressure
- Low temperature
- High blood creatinine levels [2]
References
- ↑ Hasselbalch HC (1993). "[Toxic shock syndrome in group A streptococcal infection]". Ugeskr. Laeg. (in Danish). 155 (2): 74–8. PMID 8421863.
- ↑ Hasegawa T, Hashikawa SN, Nakamura T, Torii K, Ohta M (2004). "Factors determining prognosis in streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome: results of a nationwide investigation in Japan". Microbes Infect. 6 (12): 1073–7. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2004.06.001. PMID 15380776.