Molluscum contagiosum historical perspective
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Molluscum contagiosum Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2]
Overview
Through restrictive endonuclease analysis of the genomes of isolates, molluscum contagiosum virus types I-IV have been identified.
Bateman first described the disease in 1817(Bateman F. Molluscum contagiosum. In: Shelley WB, Crissey JT, editors. Classics in Dermatology. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas; 1953. p. 20), and Paterson demonstrated its infectious nature in 1841. In 1905, Juliusburg proved its viral nature.
The disease was first described in 1814 (Bateman, 1814). The intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (molluscum or Henderson-Paterson bodies) were described in 1841 (Henderson, 1841; Paterson, 1841) and the viral nature of the disease was eventually established in 1905 (Juliusberg, 1905). MCV is one of two poxviruses regarded as having specificity for the human host, the other being variola, the agent of smallpox. There have been occasional reports of molluscum contagiosum in other species (Brown et al., 1981) although these have not been substantiated by molecular analysis. MCV is also one of a small number of poxviruses which induce tumour formation in their natural hosts.
- Archard, L.C., Mackett, M., Barnes, D.E. and Dumbell, K.R. (1984) The genome structure of cowpox virus white pock mutants. J. Gen. Virol., 65, 875–86.PubMedCrossRef
- Bateman, T. (1814) A Practical Synopsis of Cutaneous Diseases, 3rd edn. London, Longman Hurst Rees Orme & Brown.
- Baxby, B. (1984) Poxviruses, in Principles of Bacteriology, Viralogy and Immunity, Vol. 4, 7th edn (eds F. Brown and G. Wilson) Edward Arnold, Kent, pp. 163–82.
- Baxter, D.L. and Carson, W.E. (1966) Molluscum contagiosum of the sole. Arch. Derm., 89, 471–2.CrossRef
- Becker, T.M., Blount, J.H., Douglas, J.D. and Judson, F.N. (1986) Trends in Molluscum contagiosum in the United States 1966–1983. Sex. Trans. Dis., 13, 88–92.CrossRef
- Blake, N.W., Porter, C.D. and Archard, L.C. (1991) Characterisation of a Molluscum contagiosum virus homologue of the vaccinia virus p37K major envelope antigen. J. Virol., 65, 3583–9.PubMed
- Blank, H. and Rake, G. (1955) Viral and Rickettsial Diseases of the Skin, Eye and Mucous Membranes of Man. Boston, Little, Brown and Company.
- Blomquist, M.C., Hunt, L.T. and Barker, W.C. (1984) Vaccina virus 19-kilodalton protein; relationship to several mammalian proteins, including two growth factors. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 81, 7363–7.PubMedCrossRef
- Boursnell, M.E., Foulds, I.J., Campbell, J.I. and Binns, M.M. (1988) Non-essential genes in the vaccinia virus HindIII K fragment: a gene related to serine protease inhibitors and a gene related to the 37K vaccinia virus major envelope antigen. J. Gen. Virol., 69, 2995–3003.PubMedCrossRef
- Boyle, D.B. and Coupar, B.E.H. (1986) Identification and cloning of the fowlpox virus thymidine kinase gene using vaccinia virus. J. Gen. Viral., 67, 1591–600.CrossRef
Template
- First Sentence:
- [Disease name] was first discovered by [scientist] in [year] during/following [event].
- OR
- [Disease name] was first described by [scientist] in [year].
- Examples:
- Example 1:Shigella was first discovered by Dr. Kiyoshi Shiga following a bacillary dysentery outbreak in Japan in 1896.
- Example 2: Melanoma was first described by Hippocrates in the 5th century BC.
- Additional Sentences:
- Additional Sentence 1: In [year], the first [event] occurred/was first reported following/during [event].
- Additional Sentence 2: In [year], the first [discovery] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].
- Additional Sentence 3: There have been several outbreaks of [disease] which are summarized below.
- Additional Sentence 4: [Disease name] was first described in [year] by [scientist].
- Additional Sentence 5: [Risk factor or cause] was first discovered to be associated with [disease] in [year].
- Additional Sentence 6: In [year], [scientist] was the first to discover the association between [risk factor] and development of [disease].
- Additional Sentence 7: In [year], [gene] mutations were first identified in the pathogenesis of [disease].
- Examples:
- Example 1: In 1918, the first major human influenza pandemic occurred.
- Example 2: In 2003, human-to-human transmission of avian influenza was first reported during the influenza A H5N1 outbreaks in Southeast and Central Asia.
- Example 3: In 1978, the first cell-cytotoxicity assay was developed by Te-Wen Chang to diagnose C. difficile infection based on fecal toxins A and B.
- Example 4: There have been several outbreaks of avian influenza which are summarized below.
- Example 5: In 1956, Henry Lancaster, an Australian mathematician, was the first to discover the association between UV radiation exposure and development of melanoma.
- Example 6: In 2003, BRAF mutations were first identified in the pathogenesis of melanoma.
Discovery
- This section should describe how the disease was initially discovered, when it was discovered, and who discovered it.
- For an example of the discovery section within a historical perspective page, click here.
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- Include notable scientists who studied the condition.
- Include landmark changes in approaches to studying the disease.
- This is a good place to include pictures of treatments, such as the "iron lung" for polio. For more information on adding pictures, click here.
- For an example of a development of treatment strategies section within a historical perspective page, click here.
Impact on Cultural History
- Here you can include the impact the disease has had over time from a cultural aspect.
- Include pandemics, epidemics, outbreaks, and initial mortality.
- Include the impact of the disease on society, such as the devastation, the way the sick were treated, and the impacts of the treatments that were used at the time.
- For an example of an impact on cultural history section within a historical perspective page, click here.
Famous Cases
- Include prominent cases of the condition in history (eg. Typhoid Mary).
- Include famous people who were afflicted by the condition.
- Include famous cases that defined the condition in history.