Molluscum contagiosum historical perspective

Molluscum contagiosum Microchapters
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Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
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Differentiating Molluscum contagiosum from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
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Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
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History and Symptoms
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Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2]

Overview

Through restrictive endonuclease analysis of the genomes of isolates, molluscum contagiosum virus types I-IV have been identified.

Bateman first described the disease in 1817(Bateman F. Molluscum contagiosum. In: Shelley WB, Crissey JT, editors. Classics in Dermatology. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas; 1953. p. 20), and Paterson demonstrated its infectious nature in 1841. In 1905, Juliusburg proved its viral nature.

The disease was first described in 1814 (Bateman, 1814). The intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (molluscum or Henderson-Paterson bodies) were described in 1841 (Henderson, 1841; Paterson, 1841) and the viral nature of the disease was eventually established in 1905 (Juliusberg, 1905). MCV is one of two poxviruses regarded as having specificity for the human host, the other being variola, the agent of smallpox. There have been occasional reports of molluscum contagiosum in other species (Brown et al., 1981) although these have not been substantiated by molecular analysis. MCV is also one of a small number of poxviruses which induce tumour formation in their natural hosts.

1. Archard, L.C., Mackett, M., Barnes, D.E. and Dumbell, K.R. (1984) The genome structure of cowpox virus white pock mutants. J. Gen. Virol., 65, 875–86.PubMedCrossRef
2. Bateman, T. (1814) A Practical Synopsis of Cutaneous Diseases, 3rd edn. London, Longman Hurst Rees Orme & Brown.
3. Baxby, B. (1984) Poxviruses, in Principles of Bacteriology, Viralogy and Immunity, Vol. 4, 7th edn (eds F. Brown and G. Wilson) Edward Arnold, Kent, pp. 163–82.
4. Baxter, D.L. and Carson, W.E. (1966) Molluscum contagiosum of the sole. Arch. Derm., 89, 471–2.CrossRef
5. Becker, T.M., Blount, J.H., Douglas, J.D. and Judson, F.N. (1986) Trends in Molluscum contagiosum in the United States 1966–1983. Sex. Trans. Dis., 13, 88–92.CrossRef
6. Blake, N.W., Porter, C.D. and Archard, L.C. (1991) Characterisation of a Molluscum contagiosum virus homologue of the vaccinia virus p37K major envelope antigen. J. Virol., 65, 3583–9.PubMed
7. Blank, H. and Rake, G. (1955) Viral and Rickettsial Diseases of the Skin, Eye and Mucous Membranes of Man. Boston, Little, Brown and Company.
8. Blomquist, M.C., Hunt, L.T. and Barker, W.C. (1984) Vaccina virus 19-kilodalton protein; relationship to several mammalian proteins, including two growth factors. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 81, 7363–7.PubMedCrossRef
9. Boursnell, M.E., Foulds, I.J., Campbell, J.I. and Binns, M.M. (1988) Non-essential genes in the vaccinia virus HindIII K fragment: a gene related to serine protease inhibitors and a gene related to the 37K vaccinia virus major envelope antigen. J. Gen. Virol., 69, 2995–3003.PubMedCrossRef
10. Boyle, D.B. and Coupar, B.E.H. (1986) Identification and cloning of the fowlpox virus thymidine kinase gene using vaccinia virus. J. Gen. Viral., 67, 1591–600.CrossRef

Template

• First Sentence:

Molluscum contagiosum was first discovered by Bateman in 1817.

OR

[Disease name] was first described by [scientist] in [year].

• Examples:

Example 1:Shigella was first discovered by Dr. Kiyoshi Shiga following a bacillary dysentery outbreak in Japan in 1896.

Example 2: Melanoma was first described by Hippocrates in the 5th century BC.

• Additional Sentences:

Additional Sentence 1: In [year], the first [event] occurred/was first reported following/during [event].

Additional Sentence 2: In [year], the first [discovery] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].

Additional Sentence 3: There have been several outbreaks of [disease] which are summarized below.

Additional Sentence 4: [Disease name] was first described in [year] by [scientist].

Additional Sentence 5: [Risk factor or cause] was first discovered to be associated with [disease] in [year].

Additional Sentence 6: In [year], [scientist] was the first to discover the association between [risk factor] and development of [disease].

Additional Sentence 7: In [year], [gene] mutations were first identified in the pathogenesis of [disease].

Discovery

Molluscum contagiosum was first discovered by Bateman in 1817 in his second edition of his synopsis.

Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies

• Molluscum contagiosum was first discovered by Bateman in 1817 in his second edition of his synopsis.
• The molluscum or Henderson-Paterson bodies (intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, lobules containing hyalinized molluscum bodies) were described by Henderson and Paterson in 1841.
• The viral nature of the disease demonstrated by Juliusberg in 1905.

Impact on Cultural History

• An outbreak of Molluscum contagiosum has been reported in a small rural community. The outbreak infected 34 patients, most of them were children between 9-18 years old. Rsearchers reported the spread as a result of direct contact and by fomites.

• Outbreaks have occurred in the following settings:

• • Swimming pools (in children)
  • Wrestling matches
  • During surgery, by a surgeon with a hand lesion
  • Via tattoos (although rarely)
  • Sexually: MC can be sexually transmitted but not all genital lesions are sexually transmitted.