Molluscum contagiosum differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2], João André Alves Silva, M.D. [3]

Overview

Molluscum contagiosum must be differentiated from other diseases that cause inflammatory or ulcertive skin , genital, or mucosal lesions including chicken pox, herpes zoster, erythema multiforme, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, pyogenic granuloma.

Differential Diagnosis

Different conditions that cause a round pupilar rash must be differentiated from molluscum contagiosum based on the appearance of the lesions such as:^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

Disease	Features	Images
Molluscum contagiosum	Skin papules: Firm Dome shaped Shiny 2 to 5 mm diameter May have central indentation or umbilication Polypoid lesion: Occasionally, with a stalk-like base Visibly inflamed lesions occasionally may be seen Diffuse erythema: May be seen due to Gianotti-Crosti like eruptions
Cryptococcosis^[8]	Caused by encapsulated yeast (fungus) Cryptococcus neoformans May be completely asymptomatic May have latent infection or symptomatic disease Pneumonia-like illness with fever, cough, sputum production and chest pain May lead to: meningoencephalitis
Histoplasmosis ^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]	Acquired via inhalation of airborne microconidia Can present with: Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis presenting with fever, cough and dyspnea Skin rash Symmetrical joint pain Disseminated histoplasmosis presents with: sepsis Acute respiratory distress syndrome disseminated intravascular coagulation
Penicillium marneffei^[13]	Fever skin lesions anemia Generalized lymphadenopathy hepatomegaly
Condyloma acuminatum ^[14]	Occur in clusters May be very tiny May spread into large masses in the genital or penis area
Pyogenic granuloma^[15]^[16]^[17]	A vascular lesion occurs on both mucosa and skin Appears as an overgrowth of tissue due to irritation, physical trauma or hormonal factors Involve the gums, the skin and nasal septum, and has also been found far from the head such as in the thigh
Langerhans cell histiocytosis^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]	Result of either a true neoplastic process or a reactive immune condition. Common symptoms of Langerhans cell histiocytosis include: bone pain rash fever failure to thrive Scaly erythematous lesions located on the scalp and extremities Localized bone tenderness hepatosplenomegaly
Basal cell carcinoma^[23]	Skin growths on sun-exposed skin Ulcerative pupils
Amelanotic melanoma	Amelanotic or hypomelanotic lesions or maybe nodular and desmoplastic subtypes Lesions may present as pink or red macules, plaques, or nodules, often with well-defined borders Often clinically confused with benign lesions

References

↑ Hartman-Adams H, Banvard C, Juckett G (2014). "Impetigo: diagnosis and treatment". Am Fam Physician. 90 (4): 229–35. PMID 25250996.
↑ Mehta N, Chen KK, Kroumpouzos G (2016). "Skin disease in pregnancy: The approach of the obstetric medicine physician". Clin Dermatol. 34 (3): 320–6. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.02.003. PMID 27265069.
↑ Moore, Zack S; Seward, Jane F; Lane, J Michael (2006). "Smallpox". The Lancet. 367 (9508): 425–435. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68143-9. ISSN 0140-6736.
↑ Ibrahim F, Khan T, Pujalte GG (2015). "Bacterial Skin Infections". Prim Care. 42 (4): 485–99. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.001. PMID 26612370.
↑ Ramoni S, Boneschi V, Cusini M (2016). "Syphilis as "the great imitator": a case of impetiginoid syphiloderm". Int J Dermatol. 55 (3): e162–3. doi:10.1111/ijd.13072. PMID 26566601.
↑ Kimura U, Yokoyama K, Hiruma M, Kano R, Takamori K, Suga Y (2015). "Tinea faciei caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (molecular type Arthroderma benhamiae ) mimics impetigo : a case report and literature review of cases in Japan". Med Mycol J. 56 (1): E1–5. doi:10.3314/mmj.56.E1. PMID 25855021.
↑ CEDEF (2012). "[Item 87--Mucocutaneous bacterial infections]". Ann Dermatol Venereol. 139 (11 Suppl): A32–9. doi:10.1016/j.annder.2012.01.002. PMID 23176858.
↑ Miyazato A (2016). "[Mechanism of Cryptococcus Meningoencephalitis]". Med Mycol J (in Japanese). 57 (1): J27–32. doi:10.3314/mmj.57.J27. PMID 26936349.
↑ Knox KS, Hage CA (2010). "Histoplasmosis". Proc Am Thorac Soc. 7 (3): 169–72. doi:10.1513/pats.200907-069AL. PMID 20463244.
↑ Kauffman CA (2009). "Histoplasmosis". Clin Chest Med. 30 (2): 217–25, v. doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2009.02.002. PMID 19375629.
↑ Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Carlet JM, Bion J, Parker MM, Jaeschke R, Reinhart K, Angus DC, Brun-Buisson C, Beale R, Calandra T, Dhainaut JF, Gerlach H, Harvey M, Marini JJ, Marshall J, Ranieri M, Ramsay G, Sevransky J, Thompson BT, Townsend S, Vender JS, Zimmerman JL, Vincent JL (2008). "Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008". Critical Care Medicine. 36 (1): 296–327. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000298158.12101.41. PMID 18158437. Retrieved 2012-09-16. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, Dellinger RP, Fein AM, Knaus WA, Schein RM, Sibbald WJ. Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest. 1992 Jun;101(6):1644-55. PMID 1303622.
↑ Supparatpinyo K, Chiewchanvit S, Hirunsri P, Baosoung V, Uthammachai C, Chaimongkol B; et al. (1992). "An efficacy study of itraconazole in the treatment of Penicillium marneffei infection". J Med Assoc Thai. 75 (12): 688–91. PMID 1339213.
↑ Cortez, Michelle Fay and Pettypiece, Shannon. "Merck Cancer Shot Cuts Genital Warts, Lesions in Men". Bloomberg News. (Bloomberg.com) 13 Nov 2008.
↑ Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0.
↑ Jafarzadeh H, Sanatkhani M, Mohtasham N (December 2006). "Oral pyogenic granuloma: a review" (– ^{Scholar search}). J Oral Sci. 48 (4): 167–75. doi:10.2334/josnusd.48.167. PMID 17220613. Retrieved 2009-01-04.^{[dead link]}
↑ Nthumba PM (2008). "Giant pyogenic granuloma of the thigh: a case report". J Med Case Reports. 2 (1): 95. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-95. PMC 2329656. PMID 18377654.
↑ Grana N (2014). "Langerhans cell histiocytosis". Cancer Control. 21 (4): 328–34. PMID 25310214.
↑ Harmon CM, Brown N (2015). "Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A Clinicopathologic Review and Molecular Pathogenetic Update". Arch Pathol Lab Med. 139 (10): 1211–4. doi:10.5858/arpa.2015-0199-RA. PMID 26414464.
↑ DiCaprio MR, Roberts TT (2014). "Diagnosis and Management of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis". J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 22 (10): 643–652. doi:10.5435/JAAOS-22-10-643. PMID 25281259.
↑ Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langerhans_cell_histiocytosis Accessed on February, 2 2016
↑ Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Radiopeadia (2015) http://radiopaedia.org/articles/langerhans-cell-histiocytosis Accessed on February, 3 2016
↑ Epstein EH, Shepard JA, Flotte TJ (2008). "Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 3-2008. An 80-year-old woman with cutaneous basal-cell carcinomas and cysts of the jaws". N Engl J Med. 358 (4): 393–401. doi:10.1056/NEJMcpc0707893. PMID 18216361. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid25250996-1] Hartman-Adams H, Banvard C, Juckett G (2014). "Impetigo: diagnosis and treatment". Am Fam Physician. 90 (4): 229–35. PMID 25250996.

[pmid27265069-2] Mehta N, Chen KK, Kroumpouzos G (2016). "Skin disease in pregnancy: The approach of the obstetric medicine physician". Clin Dermatol. 34 (3): 320–6. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.02.003. PMID 27265069.

[MooreSeward2006-3] Moore, Zack S; Seward, Jane F; Lane, J Michael (2006). "Smallpox". The Lancet. 367 (9508): 425–435. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68143-9. ISSN 0140-6736.

[pmid26612370-4] Ibrahim F, Khan T, Pujalte GG (2015). "Bacterial Skin Infections". Prim Care. 42 (4): 485–99. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.001. PMID 26612370.

[pmid26566601-5] Ramoni S, Boneschi V, Cusini M (2016). "Syphilis as "the great imitator": a case of impetiginoid syphiloderm". Int J Dermatol. 55 (3): e162–3. doi:10.1111/ijd.13072. PMID 26566601.

[pmid25855021-6] Kimura U, Yokoyama K, Hiruma M, Kano R, Takamori K, Suga Y (2015). "Tinea faciei caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (molecular type Arthroderma benhamiae ) mimics impetigo : a case report and literature review of cases in Japan". Med Mycol J. 56 (1): E1–5. doi:10.3314/mmj.56.E1. PMID 25855021.

[pmid23176858-7] CEDEF (2012). "[Item 87--Mucocutaneous bacterial infections]". Ann Dermatol Venereol. 139 (11 Suppl): A32–9. doi:10.1016/j.annder.2012.01.002. PMID 23176858.

[pmid26936349-8] Miyazato A (2016). "[Mechanism of Cryptococcus Meningoencephalitis]". Med Mycol J (in Japanese). 57 (1): J27–32. doi:10.3314/mmj.57.J27. PMID 26936349.

[pmid20463244-9] Knox KS, Hage CA (2010). "Histoplasmosis". Proc Am Thorac Soc. 7 (3): 169–72. doi:10.1513/pats.200907-069AL. PMID 20463244.

[pmid19375629-10] Kauffman CA (2009). "Histoplasmosis". Clin Chest Med. 30 (2): 217–25, v. doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2009.02.002. PMID 19375629.

[pmid18158437-11] Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Carlet JM, Bion J, Parker MM, Jaeschke R, Reinhart K, Angus DC, Brun-Buisson C, Beale R, Calandra T, Dhainaut JF, Gerlach H, Harvey M, Marini JJ, Marshall J, Ranieri M, Ramsay G, Sevransky J, Thompson BT, Townsend S, Vender JS, Zimmerman JL, Vincent JL (2008). "Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008". Critical Care Medicine. 36 (1): 296–327. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000298158.12101.41. PMID 18158437. Retrieved 2012-09-16. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[12] Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, Dellinger RP, Fein AM, Knaus WA, Schein RM, Sibbald WJ. Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest. 1992 Jun;101(6):1644-55. PMID 1303622.

[pmid1339213-13] Supparatpinyo K, Chiewchanvit S, Hirunsri P, Baosoung V, Uthammachai C, Chaimongkol B; et al. (1992). "An efficacy study of itraconazole in the treatment of Penicillium marneffei infection". J Med Assoc Thai. 75 (12): 688–91. PMID 1339213.

[Bloomberg-14] Cortez, Michelle Fay and Pettypiece, Shannon. "Merck Cancer Shot Cuts Genital Warts, Lesions in Men". Bloomberg News. (Bloomberg.com) 13 Nov 2008.

[Fitz2-15] Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0.

[joralsci-16] Jafarzadeh H, Sanatkhani M, Mohtasham N (December 2006). "Oral pyogenic granuloma: a review" (– ^{Scholar search}). J Oral Sci. 48 (4): 167–75. doi:10.2334/josnusd.48.167. PMID 17220613. Retrieved 2009-01-04.^{[dead link]}

[Nthumba-17] Nthumba PM (2008). "Giant pyogenic granuloma of the thigh: a case report". J Med Case Reports. 2 (1): 95. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-95. PMC 2329656. PMID 18377654.

[pmid25310214-18] Grana N (2014). "Langerhans cell histiocytosis". Cancer Control. 21 (4): 328–34. PMID 25310214.

[pmid26414464-19] Harmon CM, Brown N (2015). "Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A Clinicopathologic Review and Molecular Pathogenetic Update". Arch Pathol Lab Med. 139 (10): 1211–4. doi:10.5858/arpa.2015-0199-RA. PMID 26414464.

[pmid25281259-20] DiCaprio MR, Roberts TT (2014). "Diagnosis and Management of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis". J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 22 (10): 643–652. doi:10.5435/JAAOS-22-10-643. PMID 25281259.

[wiki-21] Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langerhans_cell_histiocytosis Accessed on February, 2 2016

[radio-22] Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Radiopeadia (2015) http://radiopaedia.org/articles/langerhans-cell-histiocytosis Accessed on February, 3 2016

[23] Epstein EH, Shepard JA, Flotte TJ (2008). "Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 3-2008. An 80-year-old woman with cutaneous basal-cell carcinomas and cysts of the jaws". N Engl J Med. 358 (4): 393–401. doi:10.1056/NEJMcpc0707893. PMID 18216361. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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Molluscum contagiosum differential diagnosis

Overview

Differential Diagnosis

References

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