Growth hormone deficiency epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

• Prevalence and incidence data vary widely due to the lack of standard diagnostic criteria.

• The incidence of persistent GHD was 12.0%.
• There is no significant difference in the incidence of pituitary hypoplasia between the patients with persistent and transient GHD.

Sex

• The sex distribution of patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency is 73% male and 27% female.
• Cuttler et al published results of a survey of pediatric endocrinologists that growth hormone treatment was 1.3 times more common in boys than in girls.

Age

• Diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency is made during 2 broad age peaks; the first age peak occurs at 5 years, a time when children begin school. The second age peak occurs in girls aged 10-13 years and boys aged 12-16 years.
• While congenital GHD and most cases of idiopathic GHD are thought to be present from birth, diagnosis is often delayed until the patient’s short stature is noticed in relation to their peers.

Race

• There is no apparent racial difference in the incidence of GHD.

Gender

• Growth hormone deficiency affects males and females equally.
• However, due to societies that care a lot about males short stature than the females, seventy-three percent of patients with idiopathic GHD in were males
• Patients with GHD from organic causes such as tumors and radiation, in which no gender bias should be present, were still 62% male.