Vitamin D deficiency physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]
Overview
Patients with vitamin D deficiency usually appear normal. Physical examination of patients with severe prolonged vitamin D deficiency is usually remarkable for bowing of the legs in children and periosteal bone tenderness. [1][2]
Physical examination
General Appearance
- Patients are usually well-appearing.
- Patients may be obese or underweight.
- Patients may show fatigue.
Back
- Lower back tenderness
Extremities
- Periosteal bone tenderness
- Bowing of the legs [3]
- Positive Chvostek's sign
- Skeletal deformity
Neuromuscular
- Proximal muscle weakness
- Waddling gait [3]
References
- ↑ Holick MF (2006). "High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health". Mayo Clin. Proc. 81 (3): 353–73. doi:10.4065/81.3.353. PMID 16529140.
- ↑ Holick MF, Chen TC (2008). "Vitamin D deficiency: a worldwide problem with health consequences". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 87 (4): 1080S–6S. PMID 18400738.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Holick, M. F. (2006). "Resurrection of vitamin D deficiency and rickets". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 116 (8): 2062–2072. doi:10.1172/JCI29449. ISSN 0021-9738.