Hyperparathyroidism physical examination

Hyperparathyroidism Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

• Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance]. Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
• Common physical examination findings of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
• The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].
• The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].

Physical Examination

• Physical examination of patients with hyperparathyroidism is usually unremarkable.
• Patients may have physical findings due to severe hypercalcemia and other complications of hyperparathyroidism.

Appearance of the Patient

• Patients with hyperparathyroidism usually appear well.

Vital Signs

• Patients with hypercalcemia and other complications may have:
  • High blood pressure may be present due to hypercalcemia and renal failure

Skin

• Perisitent itching may be present due to renal failure

HEENT

• Patients with severe hypercalcemia may have:
  • Band keratopathy (calcium precipitation in a horizontal band across the cornea in the palpebral aperture)

Lungs

• Patients with hypercalcemia and other complications may have:
• Dyspnea due to fluid overload form renal failure

Cardiovasvular

• Patients with hypercalcemia and other complications may have:
  • Arrhythmias
  • Hypotension
  • Shortened QT interval
  • Chest pain due to fluid overload form renal failure

Abdomen

• Nausea and vomiting
• Patients with hypercalcemia and other complications may have:
  • Loss of appetite
  • Fecal impaction (from constipation)
  • Abdominal tenderness may be present due to development of pancreatitis

Genitourinary

• Patients with severe hypercalcemia and other complications may have:
  • Alteration in urinary habits
  • Volume depletion
  • Signs of renal failure

Neurologic

• Patient is usually oriented to persons, place, and time.
• Patients with severe hypercalcemia and other complications may have:
  • Fatigue and weakness due to renal failure
  • Sleep disturbances
  • Muscle twitch and cramps
  • Confusion
  • Hypotonia
  • Hyporeflexia
  • Paresis
  • Coma

Extremities

• Swelling of feet and ankles due to renal failure