Goiter classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

In 1974, an international committee of thyroid pathologists published the first WHO histological classification of thyroid tumours which had served as a basis for various clinical, pathological, and epidemiological studies
Goiter may also be classified according to various classification methods based on etiological, epidemiological, anatomical, pathological, functional and morphological factors.

In 1974, an international committee of thyroid pathologists published the first WHO histological classification of thyroid tumours which had served as a basis for various clinical, pathological, and epidemiological studies. ^[1]

Goiter may be also be classified according to various classification methods based on the following criteria:
- Etiological classification
- Epidemiological classification
- Anatomical classification
- Pathological classification
- Functional classification
- Morphological classification

Etiological classification:
- Physiological goitre: Goitres resulting from increased metabolic demand of thyroid hormones e.g. during pregnancy or puberty
- Pathological goitre: Goitres resulting from diseases affecting the thyroid gland e.g. Neoplastic or inflammatory conditions

Epidemiological classification:
- Familial goitres: Goitres that run in families as a result of Inherited defect of thyroid hormone synthesis
- Endemic goitres: Defined as thyroid enlargement affecting a significant number of inhabitants of a particular locality
- Sporadic goitres: Goitres that run sporadically

Anatomical classification:
- Cervical goitre: Goitre situated on the anterior aspect of the neck
- Retrosternal goitre: Goitre extends downward and get situated behind the sternum
- Intrathoracic goitre: The type of goitre which extends into thoracic cavity

Pathological classification:
- Simple goitres
- Toxic goitres
- Neoplastic goitres
- Inflammatory goitres
- Miscellaneous (Other rare types)

Functional classification:
- Toxic goitre: Type of goitre associated with thyroid hyperfunction (hyperthyroidism)
- Non-toxic: Type of goitre associated with thyroid hypofunction (hypothyroidism) or normal thyroid function (Euthyroid)

Morphological classification: According to the texture of the gland
- Diffuse goitre
- Nodular goitre
  - Solitary nodular goitre
  - Multinodular goitre

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Hedinger C, Williams ED, Sobin LH (1989). "The WHO histological classification of thyroid tumors: a commentary on the second edition". Cancer. 63 (5): 908–11. PMID 2914297.