Goiter classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

In 1974, an international committee of thyroid pathologists published the first WHO histological classification of thyroid tumours which had served as a basis for various clinical, pathological, and epidemiological studies
Goiter may also be classified according to various classification methods based on etiological, epidemiological, anatomical, pathological, functional and morphological factors.

In 1974, an international committee of thyroid pathologists published the first WHO histological classification of thyroid tumours which had served as a basis for various clinical, pathological, and epidemiological studies. ^[1]

Goiter may be also be classified according to various classification methods based on the following criteria:
- Etiological classification
- Epidemiological classification
- Anatomical classification
- Pathological classification
- Functional classification
- Morphological classification

Etiological classification:
- Physiological goiter: Goiters as a result of increased metabolic demand of thyroid hormones (during pregnancy or puberty)
- Pathological goiter: Goiters as a result of diseases affecting the thyroid gland e.g. Neoplastic or inflammatory conditions

Epidemiological classification:
- Familial goiters: Goiters that occur in families as a result of Inherited defect of thyroid hormone synthesis
- Endemic goiters: Thyroid enlargement affecting a significant number of population in a particular locality
- Sporadic goiters: Goiters that run sporadically

Anatomical classification:
- Cervical goiter: Goiter situated on the anterior aspect of the neck
- Retrosternal goiter: Goiter extends downward and gets situated behind the sternum
- Intrathoracic goiter: Goiter which extends into thoracic cavity

Pathological classification:
- Simple goiter
- Toxic goiter
- Neoplastic goiter
- Inflammatory goiter
- Miscellaneous (Other rare types)

Functional classification:
- Toxic goiter: Type of goiter associated with thyroid hyperfunction (hyperthyroidism)
- Non-toxic goiter: Type of goiter associated with thyroid hypofunction (hypothyroidism) or normal thyroid function (Euthyroid)

Morphological classification: According to the texture of the gland
- Diffuse goiter
- Nodular goiter
  - Solitary nodular goiter
  - Multinodular goiter

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Hedinger C, Williams ED, Sobin LH (1989). "The WHO histological classification of thyroid tumors: a commentary on the second edition". Cancer. 63 (5): 908–11. PMID 2914297.