Goiter classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
In 1974, an international committee of thyroid pathologists published the first WHO histological classification of thyroid tumours which had served as a basis for various clinical, pathological, and epidemiological studies. Goiter may also be classified according to various classification methods based on etiological, epidemiological, anatomical, pathological, functional and morphological factors.
Classification
- In 1974, an international committee of thyroid pathologists published the first WHO histological classification of thyroid tumours which had served as a basis for various clinical, pathological, and epidemiological studies. [1]
- Epithelial tumors
- Benign
- Follicular adenoma
- Others
- Malignant
- Follicular carcinoma
- Papillary carcinoma
- Medullary carcinoma
- Undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinoma
- Others
- Benign
- Nonepithelial tumors
- Benign
- Malignant
- Malignant lymphomas
- Miscellaneous tumors
- Secondary tumors
- Unclassified tumors
- Tumor-like lesions
- Epithelial tumors
- Goiter may be also be classified according to various classification methods based on the following criteria:
- Etiological classification
- Epidemiological classification
- Anatomical classification
- Pathological classification
- Functional classification
- Morphological classification
- Etiological classification:
- Physiological goiter: Goiters as a result of increased metabolic demand of thyroid hormones (during pregnancy or puberty)
- Pathological goiter: Goiters as a result of diseases affecting the thyroid gland e.g. Neoplastic or inflammatory conditions
- Epidemiological classification:
- Familial goiters: Goiters that occur in families as a result of Inherited defect of thyroid hormone synthesis
- Endemic goiters: Thyroid enlargement affecting a significant number of population in a particular locality
- Sporadic goiters: Goiters that run sporadically
- Anatomical classification:
- Cervical goiter: Goiter situated on the anterior aspect of the neck
- Retrosternal goiter: Goiter extends downward and gets situated behind the sternum
- Intrathoracic goiter: Goiter which extends into thoracic cavity
- Pathological classification:
- Simple goiter
- Toxic goiter
- Neoplastic goiter
- Inflammatory goiter
- Miscellaneous (Other rare types)
- Functional classification:
- Toxic goiter: Type of goiter associated with thyroid hyperfunction (hyperthyroidism)
- Non-toxic goiter: Type of goiter associated with thyroid hypofunction (hypothyroidism) or normal thyroid function (Euthyroid)
- Morphological classification: According to the texture of the gland
- Diffuse goiter
- Nodular goiter
- Solitary nodular goiter
- Multinodular goiter
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hedinger C, Williams ED, Sobin LH (1989). "The WHO histological classification of thyroid tumors: a commentary on the second edition". Cancer. 63 (5): 908–11. PMID 2914297.
- ↑ "Reorganized text". JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 141 (5): 428. 2015. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2015.0540. PMID 25996397.
- ↑ Else, J. Earl (1926). "A SIMPLE CLASSIFICATION OF GOITER". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 87 (18): 1465. doi:10.1001/jama.1926.02680180037009. ISSN 0098-7484.