Autoimmune hepatitis history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.
OR
The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Common symptoms of [disease] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Less common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].
History and Symptoms
- The majority of patients with Autoimmune hepatitis are asymptomatic leads to severe symptoms and progresses even to fulminant hepatitis
- The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].
- Symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].
History
Patients with [disease name]] may have a positive history of:
- [History finding 1]
- [History finding 2]
- [History finding 3]
Common Symptoms
Common symptoms of Autoimmune hepatitis include:[1]
- Fatigue
- Lethargy
- Upper abdominal discomfort
- Mild pruritus
- Anorexia
- Myalgia
- Diarrhea
- Arthralgias involving small joints
- Dark urine
- Pale or gray-colored stools
- skin rashes
- Weight loss
Less Common Symptoms
Less common symptoms of Autoimmune hepatitis include :
- Edema
- Acne
- Hirsutism
- Amenorrhea
- Chest pain from pleuritis
- Extrahepatic manifestations are generally due to the company that AH keeps:
- Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis
- Hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease)
- Ulcerative colitis
- Hemolytic anemia
- Idiopathic thrombocytopenia
- Diabetes mellitus
- Diabetes insipidus
- Celiac disease
- Polymyositis
- Myasthenia gravis
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- Pericarditis
- Glomerulonephritis
- Acute lichenoid pityriasis
- Febrile panniculitis
- Hypereosinophilic syndrome
- Sjogren’s syndrome
- Mixed connective tissue disease
- Although PSC is generally thought to be the liver disease most commonly associated with uterine contractions (UC), AH and UC often coexist, with the liver disease predating the colonic disease.
- AH is also associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, though many patients who eventually develop hepatocellular carcinoma have also been found to have hepatitis C.
- The LFT abnormalities are generally that of a marked transaminitis with a milder increase in Total bilirubin, alkalen phosphatase and PT.
- Some patients, however, have more of a cholestatic picture.
- Unfortunately, the symptoms and degree of enzyme abnormalities do not necessarily correlate with the pathology.
- As above, however, most patients have at least some degree of cirrhosis at the time of initial biopsy.
- Hyperglobulinemia (usually gamma-globulin) is a characteristic feature of AH, though is not present in 100% of cases.
- Anti-actin antibodies are generally not tested for in most labs, despite the fact that they are more specific than the other tests for AH.
- An anti-smooth muscle Ab titer > 1:320, however, is generally thought to reflect the presence of anti-actin antibodies.
- In the spectrum of autoimmune disease ranging from organ-specific to non-organ-specific, AH falls somewhere in the middle, as the disease is often confined to the liver, but the antibodies are mostly nonspecific.
- A scoring system has been developed by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group in order to facilitate the diagnosis.
References
- ↑ Makol A, Watt KD, Chowdhary VR (2011). "Autoimmune hepatitis: a review of current diagnosis and treatment". Hepat Res Treat. 2011: 390916. doi:10.1155/2011/390916. PMC 3132488. PMID 21760995.