Zenker's diverticulum causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ajay Gade MD[2]]

Overview

Zenker's diverticulum (ZD) also known as pharyngosophageal diverticulum. It is an acquired sac-like outpouching of the mucosa and submucosa layers originating from the pharyngoesophageal junction. Killian's dehiscence a pulsion of false diverticulum occurring dorsally at the pharyngoesophageal wall surrounded by the oblique inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and the transversal fibers of the cricopharyngeal muscle. ZD occurs due to increased intraluminal pressure in the oropharynx during swallowing, against an inadequate relaxation of the cricopharyngeal muscle. An incomplete opening of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter (UES) causing the protrusion of the mucosa through an area of relative weakness at the dorsal pharyngoesophageal wall. The pharyngoesophageal phase of swallowing is affected in ZD resulting in hindering the neuromuscular functions such as chewing, initiating the swallowing, and propulsion of the food from the oropharynx into the cervical esophagus.

Causes

ZD is caused by

• Zenker's diverticulum also known as pharyngosophageal diverticulum.
• It is an acquired sac-like outpouching of the mucosa and submucosa layers originating from the pharyngoesophageal junction.
• Since it involves only the mucosa and submucosa it is a false diverticulum.
• Killian's dehiscence- pulsion false diverticulum occurring dorsally at the pharyngoesophageal wall bounded by the propulsive oblique inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and the transversal fibers of the cricopharyngeal muscle
• ZD occurs due to increased intraluminal pressure in the oropharynx during swallowing, against an inadequate relaxation of the cricopharyngeal muscle,
• A subsequent incomplete opening of the UES, causing the protrusion of the mucosa through an area of relative weakness at the dorsal pharyngoesophageal wall.
• ZD cause the disorder of the pharyngoesophageal phase of swallowing.
• The neuromuscular functions such as chewing, initiating the swallowing, and propulsion of the food from the oropharynx into the cervical esophagus.