Esophageal cancer epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hadeel Maksoud M.D.[2]
Overview
Esophageal cancer is the 6th leading cause of death from cancer and the 8th most common cancer in the world. The prevalence of esophageal cancer worldwide is about 3.5 per 100,000. In the United States, about 17000 new cases are diagnosed every year and 4.45 per 100,000 Americans has esophageal cancer. Esophageal cancer is mostly present in the "Asian belt" region which includes, China, Japan, India and Iran.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Worldwide, the predominant type of esophageal cancer is squamous cell carcinoma. However, the rate of adenocarcinoma outnumbers squamous cell carcinoma in the United States and some European countries.[1]
Incidence
- The incidence of esophageal cancer is approximately 3.5 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- The age-adjusted incidence of invasive esophageal cancer was 4.2 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.
- The American Cancer Society estimated that there are 16,960 new cases of esophageal cancer in the United States in 2017.
Prevalence
- In 2014, the prevalence of esophageal cancer was estimated to be 7.25 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States.
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- Between 2010 -2014, the incidence of esophageal cancer in the United States is approximately 4.2 per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of 4.1 per 100,000 individuals.
Age
- The incidence of esophageal cancer increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 50 years.[2]
- The risk of esophageal cancer increases with age.
- The age-adjusted incidence of invasive esophageal cancer worldwide by age category is:
- Under 65 years: 1.8 per 100,000
- 65 and over: 22.5 per 100,000
Race
- Esophageal adenocarcinoma usually affects individuals of the Caucasian race. Black individuals are more likely to develop squamous cell carcinoma.[3]
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- In the United States, 68.5% of caucasian subjects with esophageal cancer had adenocarcinoma, whereas 80% of black individuals affected with esophageal cancer had squamous cell carcinoma.
Gender
- [Disease name] affects men and women equally.
- [Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
Region
- The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
- The prevalence of esophageal cancer differs among countries. In fact, esophageal cancer is most common in the area of the “Asian belt” which includes China, Japan, India, Iran, Turkey, among other Middle Eastern countries.[4]
- [Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
Developed Countries
Developing Countries
Gender
- In the United States, the age-adjusted prevalence of invasive esophageal cancer by gender in 2011 is:[2]
- In males: 0.0147%
- In females: 0.0036%
- In the United States, the delay-adjusted incidence of invasive esophageal cancer by gender in 2011 is:[2]
- In males: 7.83 per 100,000 persons
- In females: 1.83 per 100,000 persons
References
- ↑ Zhang Y (2013). "Epidemiology of esophageal cancer". World J Gastroenterol. 19 (34): 5598–606. doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i34.5598. PMC 3769895. PMID 24039351.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.
- ↑ Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A (2017). "Cancer Statistics, 2017". CA Cancer J Clin. 67 (1): 7–30. doi:10.3322/caac.21387. PMID 28055103.
- ↑ Pennathur A, Gibson MK, Jobe BA, Luketich JD (2013). "Oesophageal carcinoma". Lancet. 381 (9864): 400–12. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60643-6. PMID 23374478.