Rectal prolapse natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shaghayegh Habibi, M.D.[2]
Overview
Hemorrhage occurs frequently if the prolapsed rectum is left unreduced. If rectal prolapse is persistent for a long time, urological impairments may be associated. Common complications of rectal prolapse include fecal incontinence, constipation and rectal incarceration or even strangulation
Natural History
Allowing rectal prolapse to continue untreated beyond 4 years may lead to higher rates of subsequent rectal prolapse recurrence, secondary to a weakened pelvic floor. [1] In addition, Hemorrhage occurs frequently if the prolapsed rectum is left unreduced. If rectal prolapse is persistent for a long time, urological impairments (bladder stones or urethral stricture) may be associated.[2]
Complications
- Common complications of rectal prolapse include:[1][3][4]
- Fecal incontinence (50-75%)
- Constipation (25-50%)
- Rectal incarceration or even strangulation
Prognosis
- Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
- Depending on the extent of the [tumor/disease progression/etc.] at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor/good/excellent.
- The presence of [characteristic of disease] is associated with a particularly [good/poor] prognosis among patients with [disease/malignancy].
- [Subtype of disease/malignancy] is associated with the most favorable prognosis.
- The prognosis varies with the [characteristic] of tumor; [subtype of disease/malignancy] have the most favorable prognosis.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bordeianou L, Paquette I, Johnson E, Holubar SD, Gaertner W, Feingold DL, Steele SR (2017). "Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Rectal Prolapse". Dis. Colon Rectum. 60 (11): 1121–1131. doi:10.1097/DCR.0000000000000889. PMID 28991074.
- ↑ Shin EJ (2011). "Surgical treatment of rectal prolapse". J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 27 (1): 5–12. doi:10.3393/jksc.2011.27.1.5. PMC 3053504. PMID 21431090.
- ↑ Bordeianou L, Hicks CW, Kaiser AM, Alavi K, Sudan R, Wise PE (2014). "Rectal prolapse: an overview of clinical features, diagnosis, and patient-specific management strategies". J. Gastrointest. Surg. 18 (5): 1059–69. doi:10.1007/s11605-013-2427-7. PMID 24352613.
- ↑ Goldstein SD, Maxwell PJ (2011). "Rectal prolapse". Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 24 (1): 39–45. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1272822. PMC 3140332. PMID 22379404.