Ogilvie syndrome overview
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Historical Perspective
Acute intestinal pseudo-obstruction was first reported by Dr. William Heneage Ogilvie in 1948 and the syndrome was named on him after that.
Classification
Ogilvie's syndrome can be classified based on the duration of the disease into acute or chronic.
Pathophysiology
The colonic pseudo-obstruction pathogenesis is believed to be due to impairment of the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic imapairment may involve the parasympathetic fibers of S2-S4 which is responsible for innervation of the distal colon and may lead to atonic colon and proximal obstruction. In few cases, Ogilvie's syndrome (colonic pseudo-obstruction) may show atrophic myopathy with thinned colonic wall and intact myenteric plexus.
Causes
Common causes of Ogilvie's syndrome include trauma, gynecological surgeries, major surgeries as hip replacement, and myocardial infarction. Other causes include causes of non mechanical bowel obstruction as acid base imbalance, acute pancreatitis, apoplexy, and cancers.
Differentiating Hereditary pancreatitis from Other Diseases
The colonic pseudo-obstruction pathogenesis is believed to be due to impairment of the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic imapairment may involve the parasympathetic fibers of S2-S4 which is responsible for innervation of the distal colon and may lead to atonic colon and proximal obstruction. In few cases, Ogilvie's syndrome (colonic pseudo-obstruction) may show atrophic myopathy with thinned colonic wall and intact myenteric plexus.
Epidemiology and Demographics
The incidence of Ogilvie's syndrome is 100 per 100,000 individuals. Ogilvie's syndrome commonly affects patients more than 60years and it is more prevelant int he men more than women.
Risk Factors
Common risk factors of Ogilvie's syndrome include having neurologic disorders, taking narcotic medications, and trauma. Other risk factors include systemic lupus erythematosus, alcoholism, and multiple myeloma.
Screening
There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for Ogilvie's syndrome.