Pulmonary edema classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Pulmonary edema can be classified on the basis of etiology into 2 subtypes, including cardiogenic pulmonary edema (Left ventricular failure, myocardial infarction, left ventricle hypertrophy cardiomyopathy) and, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema (Acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, chest trauma).
Classification
- Pulmonary edema may be classified according to etiology into 2 groups:
- Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
- Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
- Cardiogenic pulmonary edema may be classified into:[1]
- Left ventricular failure
- Dysrhythmia
- Left ventricular hypertrophy cardiomyopathy
- Volume overload
- Myocardial Infarction
- Left ventricular outflow obstruction
- Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema may be classified into 3 subtypes based on etiology:[2]
- Direct injury to lung:
- Chest trauma,pulmonary contusion
- Aspiration
- Smoke inhalation
- Pneumonia
- Oxygen toxicity
- Pulmonary embolism,reperfusion
- Hematogenous injury to lung:
- Sepsis
- Pancreatitis
- Nonthoracic trauma
- Multiple transfusions
- Intravenous drug use. e.g. heroin
- Cardiopulmonary bypass
- Lung injury plus elevated hydrostatic pressure:
- High altitude pulmonary edema
- Neurogenic pulmonary edema
- Reexpansion pulmonary edema
- Direct injury to lung:
| Pulmonary edema | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cardiogenic | Non-cardiogenic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LV failure | Dysrhythmia | LV hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy | Volume overload | Myocardial Infarction | LV outflow obstruction | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct injury to lung | Hematogenous injury to lung | Lung injury plus elevated hydrostatic pressure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chest trauma,pulmonary contusion | Aspiration | Smoke inhalation | Pneumonia | Oxygen toxicity | Pulmonary embolism,reperfusion | High altitude pulmonary edema | Neurogenic pulmonary edema | Reexpansion pulmonary edema | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sepsis | Pancreatitis | Nonthoracic trauma | Multiple transfusions | Intravenous drug use. e.g. heroin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ Attias D, Mansencal N, Auvert B, Vieillard-Baron A, Delos A, Lacombe P, N'Guetta R, Jardin F, Dubourg O (2010). "Prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes of patients presenting with cardiogenic unilateral pulmonary edema". Circulation. 122 (11): 1109–15. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.934950. PMID 20805429.
- ↑ Calenoff L, Kruglik GD, Woodruff A (1978). "Unilateral pulmonary edema". Radiology. 126 (1): 19–24. doi:10.1148/126.1.19. PMID 619405.