Osteoarthritis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Epidemiology
Prevalence
The available data about the incidence and prevalence of osteoarthritis are different. For example, OA mostly assessed by radiography which there should be a marked damage to be detectable in radiography.
Near 6% of adults with the age of 30 years suffer from repeated knee pain and in their radiographic evaluation reveal osteoarthritis. As previously mentioned in risk factors for OA are: age, female sex, and nutritional deficiencies, occupational involvements, trauma, genetic, and race. OA can involve any joint in human body, but it commonly involves knee, hip, hand, spine, and foot, and less commonly OA involves the wrists, shoulders and ankles. It was predicted that more than 26 million people in the USA have OA. The OA in hand, hip, and knee have positive correlations with age and as mentioned before OA is more common women than men, particularly after age of 50 ( due to the menopause and hormonal changes).
Hand OA
Incidence rate of OA reported by the Fallon Community Health Plan in Massachusetts (U.S.A) was frequency of knee OA, hand OA, and hip OA were 240/100 000 person-years, 100/100 000 person-years, and 88/100 000 person-years, respectively (Figure1).
The prevalence of hand OA is in the range of 27% 80%. 75% of women with the age of 60 - 70 years had distal interphalangeal (DIP) OA. The US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) reported the prevalence of hand OA in 8% of population. In a cohort study the prevalence of symptomatic OA was twice higher in women than men (26.2%vs 13.2%, respective). Meanwhile, another study in conducted in Iran showed reported the prevalence of hand OA among patients with the age of 40-50 years and >70 years 2.2%, and 22.5%, respectively.
Knee OA
Knee OA is less common than hand OA, although, Knee OA occurs commonly in women (femaleto-male ratio: 1.5:1-4:1). Epidemiology of knee OA in the USA is similar to European population. In a study by Framingham, the frequencies of Knee OA among patients with the age of 25-34 years and older than 75years are 1% and 50%, respectively. Similar to Hand OA, the symptomatic knee OA in men and women older than 20 years old nearly doubles and triples, respectively (Figure 2). In contrast in a similar study conducted in China, the bilateral knee OA was reported to be around twice higher than Framingham Study in USA. Accordingly, the prevalence of knee OA in Iranian rural area was 19.3%.
Hip OA
Comparing to the OA in hand or knee, the Hip OA has less common occurrence. The prevalence of hip OA in women older than 65 years old in USA was reported between 1.0% to 6.2%. The prevalence of hip OA in African and Asian population were 2.8 and 1.4 Percents, respectively.