Cryoglobulinemia risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]
Overview
Risk Factors
Type I cryoglobulinemia is most often related to cancer of the blood or immune systems.
Types II and III are most often found in people who have a chronic (long-lasting) inflammatory condition, such as an autoimmune disease or hepatitis C. Most patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia have a chronic hepatitis C infection.
Common risk factors
Malignancy: The common risk factors of cryoglobulemia are as follows:[1][2][3]
- Leukemia
- Multiple myeloma
- Mycoplasma pneumonia
- Primary macroglobulinemia
Autoimmune disorders:
Infections:
- Hepatitis B
- Cytomegalovirus
- Epstein-Barr virus
- Human parvovirus B19
References
- ↑ Belizna CC, Hamidou MA, Levesque H, Guillevin L, Shoenfeld Y (2009). "Infection and vasculitis". Rheumatology (Oxford). 48 (5): 475–82. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kep026. PMID 19258377.
- ↑ Rodríguez-Pla A, Stone JH (2006). "Vasculitis and systemic infections". Curr Opin Rheumatol. 18 (1): 39–47. PMID 16344618.
- ↑ Fabris P, Tositti G, Giordani MT, Romanò L, Betterle C, Pignattari E; et al. (2003). "Prevalence and clinical significance of circulating cryoglobulins in HIV-positive patients with and without co-infection with hepatitis C virus". J Med Virol. 69 (3): 339–43. doi:10.1002/jmv.10294. PMID 12526043.