Cryoglobulinemia risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]
Overview
Common risk factors of cryoglobulemia are certain malignancies, autoimmune diseases and infections. Among these, leukemia, multiple myeloma, rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis B, cytomegalovirus are more commonly seen risk factors in patients having cryoglobulemia. Other risk factors that contribute to cryoglobulinemia are epstein-Barr virus, human parvovirus B19 and mycoplasma pneumonia.
Risk Factors
Type I cryoglobulinemia is most often related to hematologic malignancies.
Types II and III are most often found in people who have a chronic (long-lasting) inflammatory condition, such as an autoimmune disease or infections such as hepatitis C. Most patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia have a chronic hepatitis C infection.
Common risk factors
The common risk factors of cryoglobulemia are as follows:[1][2][3]
Malignancy:
- Leukemia
- Multiple myeloma
- Mycoplasma pneumonia
- Primary macroglobulinemia
Autoimmune disorders:
Infections:
- Hepatitis B
- Cytomegalovirus
- Epstein-Barr virus
- Human parvovirus B19
References
- ↑ Belizna CC, Hamidou MA, Levesque H, Guillevin L, Shoenfeld Y (2009). "Infection and vasculitis". Rheumatology (Oxford). 48 (5): 475–82. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kep026. PMID 19258377.
- ↑ Rodríguez-Pla A, Stone JH (2006). "Vasculitis and systemic infections". Curr Opin Rheumatol. 18 (1): 39–47. PMID 16344618.
- ↑ Fabris P, Tositti G, Giordani MT, Romanò L, Betterle C, Pignattari E; et al. (2003). "Prevalence and clinical significance of circulating cryoglobulins in HIV-positive patients with and without co-infection with hepatitis C virus". J Med Virol. 69 (3): 339–43. doi:10.1002/jmv.10294. PMID 12526043.