Antiphospholipid syndrome laboratory findings

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]

Overview

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is tested for in the laboratory by both liquid phase coagulation assays (lupus anticoagulant) and solid phase ELISA assays (anti-cardiolipin antibodies). Antibodies found in the plasma os patients with APS are lupus anticoagulant, anticariolipin (aCL), beta-2 glycoprotein I, anti-phosphatidylserine antibodies, anti-prothrombin antibodies. The criteria for testing lupus anticoagulant in the plasma is postivity on 2 or more occasion at least 12 weeks apart.

Laboratory Findings

The following antibodies are found in the plasma of patients with APS:

Laboratory Findings (Antibodies)
Lupus anticoagulant IgA anticariolipin (aCL) IgA beta-2 glycoprotein I Anti-phosphatidylethanolamine antibodies Anti-prothrombin antibodies Anti-phosphatidylserine antibodies

Criteria for testing lupus anticoagulant:

• Presence of lupus anticoagulant (LA) in plasma on two or more occasions at least 12 weeks apart.
• Presence of moderate to high levels of anticardiolipin (aCL) (IgG or IgM) in serum or plasma (ie, >40 IgG phospholipid units (GPL)/mL or IgM phospholipid units (MPL)/mL or >99th percentile) on two or more occasions at least 12 weeks apart

Common Laboratory findings
Thrombocytopenia Hemolytic anemia Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)