Methemoglobinemia causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Congenital (Hereditary) Methemoglobinemia
There are three main congenital conditions that lead to methemoglobinemia:
1. Cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency and pyruvate kinase deficiency
2. G6PD deficiency
3. Presence of abnormal hemoglobin (Hb M)
Acquired or Acute Methemoglobinemia
Most common cause include different oxidant drugs, toxins or chemicals
Causes
1. Drug Induced
• Anesthetics like *benzocaine, *lidocaine, *prilocaine
• *Nitric oxide
• *Amilnitrate
• Antimalarial drugs like *Primaquine phosphate (in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) methemoglobin reductase deficient individuals)
• *Rasburicase
• *Dapsone
• *Trimethoprim
• *Sulfonamides
• *Aniline dyes
2. Contaminated well water (in premature infants and infants younger than 4 months)
3. Solid foods (not well cooked vegetables high in nitrates in premature infants and infants younger than 4 months)