Hyponatremia historical perspective

	Hyponatremia Microchapters
Home
Patient information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Hyponatremia from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X-ray
Echocardiogram or Ultarsound
CT scan
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Hyponatremia historical perspective On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hyponatremia historical perspective All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Hyponatremia historical perspective
CDC on Hyponatremia historical perspective
Hyponatremia historical perspective in the news
Blogs on Hyponatremia historical perspective
Directions to Hospitals Treating hyponatremia
Risk calculators and risk factors for Hyponatremia historical perspective

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saeedeh Kowsarnia M.D.[2] Feham Tariq, MD [3]

Overview

The historical perspective of hypernatremia is as follows:

In 1858,Claude Bernard, French physiologist first proposed a direct relationship between the central nervous system and renal excretion of osmotically active solutes ^[1].
In 1913,Jungmann and Meyer in Germany induced polyuria and increased urinary salt excretion in animals through medullary lesion ^[2].
in 1950,Peters, Welt, and co-workers described few patients with encephalitis, hypertensive intracranial hemorrhage, and bulbar poliomyelitis who presented with severe dehydration and hyponatremia ^[3].

In 1952, Welt and colleagues presented patients with cerebral lesions (including trauma, tumor, and infection) and severe hyponatremia with clinical dehydration but no potassium retention ^[4].

There have been several outbreaks of [disease name], which are summarized below:

In [year], [diagnostic test/therapy] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].

↑ J. Barcroft & H. Straub (1910). "The secretion of urine". The Journal of physiology. 41 (3–4): 145–167. PMID 16993045. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Czerny, A (1935). Ergebnisse der Inneren Medizin und Kinderheilkunde : Achtundvierzigster Band. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. ISBN 9783642906701.
↑ J. P. PETERS, L. G. WELT, E. A. H. SIMS, J. ORLOFF & J. NEEDHAM (1950). "A salt-wasting syndrome associated with cerebral disease". Transactions of the Association of American Physicians. 63: 57–64. PMID 14855556.
↑ L. G. WELT, D. W. SELDIN, W. P. NELSON, W. J. GERMAN & J. P. PETERS (1952). "Role of the central nervous system in metabolism of electrolytes and water". A.M.A. archives of internal medicine. 90 (3): 355–378. PMID 14952060. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)