Hyponatremia history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saeedeh Kowsarnia M.D.[2]

Overview

The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.

OR

The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Common symptoms of [disease] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Less common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].

History and Symptoms

History

• Drug history
• Diet history
• History of volume loss: diarrhea, vomiting

Common Symptoms

• Asymptomatic
• Acute neurologic changes: seizures, altered mental status, coma , focal neurologic signs

• Moderate symptoms
  • Nausea
  • Headache
  • Confusion
  • Loss of energy and fatigue
  • Restlessness and irritability
  • Muscle weakness, spasms or cramps
  • Fatigue
  • Lethargy
  • Dizziness
  • Gait disturbances
  • Forgetfulness
• Severe
  • Vomiting
  • Cardio-respiratory distress
  • Abnormal and deep somnolence
  • Seizures
  • Coma (Glasgow Coma Scale B8
  • Delirium
  • Impaired consciousness

• Mild chronic hyponatremia (plasma sodium 125–135 mEq/L) may cause subtle neurocognitive deficits that can be detected by careful testing ,these deficits improve when the plasma sodium is normalized.

Less Common Symptoms

• Cardiorespiratory arrest

• Death
• Coma
• Brain damage/ brain edema
• Epileptic seizures
• Osmotic demyelinating syndrome