Lead poisoning differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

[Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as [differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].

OR

[Disease name] must be differentiated from [[differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].

Diagnosis

Symptoms

The symptoms of chronic lead poisoning include neurological problems, such as reduced cognitive abilities

• Nausea

• Abdominal pain

• Irritability

• Insomnia

• Mettalic taste

• excess lethargy

• Hyperactivity

• Chest pain

• headache

• seizure

• coma

There are also associated gastrointestinal problems, such as

• constipation

• diarrhea

• vomiting

• poor appetite

• weight loss

Other associated effects are

• anemia

• kidney problems

• reproductive problems

Physical examination

• Burton's line

• Peripheral neuropathy

• Wrist drop

• learning disability

Laboratory tests

• Basophilic stippling of red blood cells

• Iron deficiency anemia (microcytosis and hypochromia)

• Elevated serum lead levels

• K-fluorescent X-ray metering can measure bone-lead.

Shown below is an image depicting basophilic stippling in a blood smear of a patient with lead poisoning.

Differentiating X from other Diseases

• [Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as [differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].
• [Disease name] must be differentiated from [differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].

• As [disease name] manifests in a variety of clinical forms, differentiation must be established in accordance with the particular subtype. [Subtype name 1] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], such as [differential dx1] and [differential dx2]. In contrast, [subtype name 2] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 2], such as [differential dx3] and [differential dx4].

Preferred Table

Diseases	Clinical manifestations						Para-clinical findings							Gold standard	Additional findings
	Symptoms			Physical examination
							Lab Findings			Imaging			Histopathology
	Symptom 1	Symptom 2	Symptom 3	Physical exam 1	Physical exam 2	Physical exam 3	Lab 1	Lab 2	Lab 3	Imaging 1	Imaging 2	Imaging 3
Differential Diagnosis 1
Differential Diagnosis 2
Differential Diagnosis 3
Diseases	Symptom 1	Symptom 2	Symptom 3	Physical exam 1	Physical exam 2	Physical exam 3	Lab 1	Lab 2	Lab 3	Imaging 1	Imaging 2	Imaging 3	Histopathology	Gold standard	Additional findings
Differential Diagnosis 4
Differential Diagnosis 5
Differential Diagnosis 6