Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Manpreet Kaur, MD [2]
Overview
History and Symptoms
The hallmark of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is nephrotic-range proteinuria.[1]
History
Patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis may have a positive history of:
- [History finding 1]
- [History finding 2]
- [History finding 3]
Common Symptoms
Common symptoms of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis include:
Less Common Symptoms
Less common symptoms of [disease name] include
- [Symptom 1]
- [Symptom 2]
- [Symptom 3]
Clinical Presentation
Generally, primary (idiopathic) focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) starts abruptly whereas secondary FSGS has a more insidious onset. The hallmark of FSGS is appearing in approximately 70% of patients.[2]
Common signs and symptoms associated with FSGS are shown below[1][2]:
- Frothy/foamy urine suggestive of proteinuria
- Red discoloration of urine suggestive of hematuria may be present
- Headache and blurry vision, suggestive of high blood pressure
- Signs of fluid overload, such as peripheral edema or periorbital edema
- Dyspnea suggestive of pleural or pericardial effusion
- Abdominal fullness suggestive of ascites
- Fatigue and malaise
- Other signs of renal insufficiency
Additionally, a positive family history, heroin abuse, chronic viral infections, and use of associated medications must be ruled out during history-taking.
In contrast, patients with secondary FSGS is often present with non-nephrotic range proteinuria, serum albumin levels that are usually normal, and most importantly, there is no peripheral edema, even when protein excretion exceeds 3 to 4 g/day.[3]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rydel JJ, Korbet SM, Borok RZ, Schwartz MM (1995). "Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis in adults: presentation, course, and response to treatment". Am J Kidney Dis. 25 (4): 534–42. PMID 7702047.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Chun MJ, Korbet SM, Schwartz MM, Lewis EJ (2004). "Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in nephrotic adults: presentation, prognosis, and response to therapy of the histologic variants". J Am Soc Nephrol. 15 (8): 2169–77. doi:10.1097/01.ASN.0000135051.62500.97. PMID 15284302.
- ↑ Fernandez-Fresnedo G, Segarra A, González E, Alexandru S, Delgado R, Ramos N; et al. (2009). "Rituximab treatment of adult patients with steroid-resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis". Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 4 (8): 1317–23. doi:10.2215/CJN.00570109. PMC 2723972. PMID 19578004.