Leiomyosarcoma
|
Leiomyosarcoma Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Leiomyosarcoma On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Leiomyosarcoma |
For patient information click here.
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Historical Perspective
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Leiomyosarcoma from other Diseases:
Epidemiology and Demographics:
Risk Factors: Following Risk Fcators found to be associated with the development of the Uterine leiomyosarcoma
- Age: Leiomyosarcoma can be seen at 20 years of age but mean age at diagnosis is 50-60 years old.
- Race:Black women have a higher incidence of development of the uterine leiomyosarcoma as compared to the white women.[1]
- Long term use of the tamoxifen: Prolonged use of the tamoxifen esp more than five years has been associated with the increased risk of development of leiomyosarcoma.[2]
- History of Pelvic radiations:Pelvic irradiation has been associated with the increased development of the leiomyosarcoma.[3]
- Certain Hereditary condition like Gardner syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome,Werner syndrome and Neurofibromatosis are associated with the development of leiomyosarcoma.
- Long term survivors of the Retinoblastoma are at higher risk of developing variety of soft tissue sarcoma.[4]
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
- The majority of patients with leiomyosarcoma remain asymptomatic for decades.
- Most leiomyosarcomas are diagnosed incidentally at an advanced stage.
- They are invariably aggressive and associated with the poor prognosis.
Prognosis: The prognosis of leiomyosarcoma is poor and it depends on varying factors:
- Tumor size
- Tumor location
- Tumor type/Grade
- DNA content
- Hormonal receptor status
- cellular division and mitotic rate
- local and distant extension
Survival Rate of Leiomyosarcoma by staging:
| Stage | Percentage |
| stage 1 | 60 |
| stage 2 | 35 |
| stage 3 | 28 |
| stage 4 | 15 |
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Leiomyosarcoma treatment consist of multidisciplinary approach and is best carried out at the specialized hospital setting.
Medical Therapy | Surgery | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Related Chapters
- ↑ Wysowski DK, Honig SF, Beitz J (2002) Uterine sarcoma associated with tamoxifen use. N Engl J Med 346 (23):1832-3. DOI:10.1056/NEJM200206063462319 PMID: 12050351
- ↑ Mourits MJ, De Vries EG, Willemse PH, Ten Hoor KA, Hollema H, Van der Zee AG (2001) Tamoxifen treatment and gynecologic side effects: a review. Obstet Gynecol 97 (5 Pt 2):855-66. PMID: 11336777
- ↑ Fang Z, Matsumoto S, Ae K, Kawaguchi N, Yoshikawa H, Ueda T et al. (2004) Postradiation soft tissue sarcoma: a multiinstitutional analysis of 14 cases in Japan. J Orthop Sci 9 (3):242-6. DOI:10.1007/s00776-004-0768-5 PMID: 15168177
- ↑ Yu CL, Tucker MA, Abramson DH, Furukawa K, Seddon JM, Stovall M et al. (2009) Cause-specific mortality in long-term survivors of retinoblastoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 101 (8):581-91. DOI:10.1093/jnci/djp046 PMID: 19351917