Hypocalcemia physical examination

Hypocalcemia Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

The clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia depend on the degree of hypocalcaemia .Common physical examination findings of [disease name] include Chvostek's sign,Trousseau's sign and circumoral numbness.

Physical Examination

Physical examination of patients with hypocalcemia shows the following

Appearance of the Patient

• Patients with hypocalcemia usually appear confused,disoriented,fatigue.

Skin

• Dry skin
• Coarse hair
• Brittle nails
• Alopecia
• Enamel hypoplasia
• Shortened premolar roots
• Thickened lamina dura
• Delayed tooth eruption
• Increased dental caries
• Atopic eczema
• Exfoliative dermatitis
• Psoriasis
• Impetigo herpetiformis

HEENT

• Tetany,
• Carpopedal spasm are seen.
• Latent tetany
  • Trousseau sign of latent tetany (eliciting carpal spasm by inflating the blood pressure cuff and maintaining the cuff pressure above systolic)
  • Chvostek's sign (tapping of the inferior portion of the zygoma will produce facial spasms)
• Tendon reflexes are hyperactive

Clinical Features Associated with Hypocalcemia

• Abdominal pain
• Alopecia
• Anxiety
• Atopic eczema
• Biliary colic
• Brittle nails
• Bronchial spasm
• Calcification of cerebral cortex or cerebellum
• Cardiomyopathy
• Choreoathetosis
• Chvostek's sign
• Coarse hair
• Confusion
• Congestive heart failure
• Delayed tooth eruption
• Disorientation
• Dry skin
• Dysphagia
• Dyspnea
• Dystonic spasms
• Enamel hypoplasia
• Exfoliative dermatitis
• Extrapyramidal signs due to calcification of basal ganglia
• Fatigue
• Impaired intellectual ability
• Impetigo herpetiformis
• Increased dental caries
• Increased intracranial pressure
• Irritability
• Laryngeal spasm
• Muscle cramps
• Nonspecific EEG changes
• Papilledema
• Paresthesia
• Parkinsonism
• Personality disturbances
• Polymyositis
• Prolonged QT interval in EKG
• Psoriasis
• Psychoneurosis
• Psychosis
• Seizures (focal, petit mal, grand mal)
• Shortened premolar roots
• Subcapsular cataracts
• Tetany
• Thickened lamina dura
• Trousseau's sign
• Wheezing