Cavernous sinus thrombosis history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]

Overview

History and Symptoms

History

2222222

Common risk factors in the development of cavernous sinus thrombosis include:^[1]
- Neoplasms^[2]
- Infections:^[3]
  - Facial infections
  - Sinusitis
  - Otitis media
  - Dental infections
  - Sepsis
- Thrombophilic genetic disorders such as:
  - Factor V Leiden mutation^[4]
  - Prothrombin G20210A mutation^[5]
  - Antithrombin III deficiency^[6]
  - Protein C or S deficiency^[7]
  - Increased factor VIII^[8]
- Acquired thrombophilic disorders such as:
- Pregnancy^[12]
- Obesity^[13]
- Dehydration^[14]
- Autoimmune disease^[15]
- Uncontrolled diabetes^[16]
- Steroid use^[17]
- Chemotherapy^[18]
- Oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy^[19]
- Inflammatory bowel diseases^[20]

Less Common Risk Factors

Less common risk factors in the development of cavernous sinus thrombosis include:

Patients with [disease name]] may have a positive history of:

[History finding 1]
[History finding 2]
[History finding 3]

Symptoms

The symptoms of cavernous sinus thrombosis may vary depend on the anatomical structures involved.^[25]

The most common symptoms of cavernous sinus thrombosis include:
- Severe holocranial and bifrontal headache whit increasing severity^[25]^[26]^[27]
- Fever^[25]^[26]^[27]
- Proptosis^[25]
- Chemosis^[25]
- External ophthalmoplegia^[25]^[27]
- Periorbital swelling and redness in one or both eyes^[25]^[27]

Other symptoms of cavernous sinus thrombosis include:
- Drooping eyelids^[25]^[27]
- Decreased visual acuity^[25]^[27]
- Vision loss or double vision^[27]
- Inability to move the eye^[27]
- Periorbital sensory loss^[25]
- Pain or numbness around the face or eyes^[25]
- Fatigue^[25]
- Seizures^[28]
- Lethargy^[25]

References

↑ Saadatnia M, Fatehi F, Basiri K, Mousavi SA, Mehr GK (2009). "Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis risk factors". Int J Stroke. 4 (2): 111–23. doi:10.1111/j.1747-4949.2009.00260.x. PMID 19383052.
↑ Hickey WF, Garnick MB, Henderson IC, Dawson DM (1982). "Primary cerebral venous thrombosis in patients with cancer--a rarely diagnosed paraneoplastic syndrome. Report of three cases and review of the literature". Am J Med. 73 (5): 740–50. PMID 6753578.
↑ Aggarwal K, Rastogi S, Joshi A, Kumar A, Chaurasia A, Prakash R (2017). "Cavernous sinus thrombosis following dental extraction: a rare case report and forgotten entity". J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 43 (5): 351–355. doi:10.5125/jkaoms.2017.43.5.351. PMC 5685866. PMID 29142871.
↑ Zuber M, Toulon P, Marnet L, Mas JL (1996). "Factor V Leiden mutation in cerebral venous thrombosis". Stroke. 27 (10): 1721–3. PMID 8841317.
↑ Attia TH, Fawzi HA, Desouki IS (2015). "Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in heterozygous prothrombin G20210A mutation in Egyptian child, with an excellent outcome". Oxf Med Case Reports. 2015 (5): 284–7. doi:10.1093/omcr/omv035. PMC 4434574. PMID 26019885.
↑ Kumaravelu S, Gupta A, Singh KK (2008). "Cerebral Venous Thrombosis". Med J Armed Forces India. 64 (4): 355–60. doi:10.1016/S0377-1237(08)80021-4. PMC 5035253. PMID 27688576.
↑ Ali N, Ayyub M, Khan SA (2014). "High prevalence of protein C, protein S, antithrombin deficiency, and Factor V Leiden mutation as a cause of hereditary thrombophilia in patients of venous thromboembolism and cerebrovascular accident". Pak J Med Sci. 30 (6): 1323–6. doi:10.12669/pjms.306.5878. PMC 4320724. PMID 25674132.
↑ Bucurescu S (2014). "Recurrent cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in a patient with increased factor VIII activity, increased lipoprotein (a) level and leukocytosis: a case report". J Vasc Interv Neurol. 7 (1): 8–10. PMC 4051910. PMID 24920982.
↑ Rudich DS, Yun SH, Liebling A, Silbert JE, Moeckel GW, Lesser RL (2015). "Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome: Raised Intracranial Pressure Without Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis". J Neuroophthalmol. 35 (4): 396–9. doi:10.1097/WNO.0000000000000277. PMID 26049680.
↑ Shen HC, Lo YK, Li JY, Lai PH (2007). "Familial hyperhomocysteinemia-related cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a case report". Acta Neurol Taiwan. 16 (2): 98–101. PMID 17685134.
↑ Gleichgerrcht E, Lim MY, Turan TN (2017). "Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Due to Low-molecular-weight Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia". Neurologist. 22 (6): 241–244. doi:10.1097/NRL.0000000000000146. PMID 29095327.
↑ López F, Santamarta E, Martínez P, Sáiz-Ayala A, Llorente JL (2017). "Cavernous sinus thrombosis during pregnancy". Auris Nasus Larynx. 44 (2): 232–236. doi:10.1016/j.anl.2016.04.006. PMID 27146007.
↑ Zuurbier SM, Arnold M, Middeldorp S, Broeg-Morvay A, Silvis SM, Heldner MR; et al. (2016). "Risk of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in Obese Women". JAMA Neurol. 73 (5): 579–84. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.0001. PMID 26974867.
↑ Kawahara I, Toyoda K, Hirose M, Kitagawa N (2018). "[Rapid Recanalization of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Secondary to Severe Dehydration:A Case Report]". No Shinkei Geka. 46 (1): 47–52. doi:10.11477/mf.1436203674. PMID 29362285.
↑ Ichord R (2017). "Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis". Front Pediatr. 5: 163. doi:10.3389/fped.2017.00163. PMC 5529336. PMID 28798906.
↑ RUSSELL A, FEARING SJ (1955). "Cavernous sinus thrombosis in a diabetic; report of a case". Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 8 (4): 372–7. PMID 14370762.
↑ Weerasinghe D, Lueck CJ (2016). "Septic Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis: Case Report and Review of the Literature". Neuroophthalmology. 40 (6): 263–276. doi:10.1080/01658107.2016.1230138. PMC 5120738. PMID 27928417.
↑ Sasidharan PK (2012). "Cerebral vein thrombosis misdiagnosed and mismanaged". Thrombosis. 2012: 210676. doi:10.1155/2012/210676. PMC 3337512. PMID 22567255.
↑ Yadegari S, Ghorbani A, Miri SR, Abdollahi M, Rostami M (2016). "Clinical features, risk factors, and outcome of cerebral venous thrombosis in Tehran, Iran". J Neurosci Rural Pract. 7 (4): 554–558. doi:10.4103/0976-3147.185512. PMC 5006468. PMID 27695236.
↑ Selvitop O, Poretti A, Huisman TA, Wagner MW (2015). "Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in a child with Crohn's disease, otitis media, and meningitis". Neuroradiol J. 28 (3): 274–7. doi:10.1177/1971400915589688. PMC 4757291. PMID 26246095.
↑ Jungmann V, Werner R, Bergmann J, Daum J, Wöhrle JC, Dünnebacke J; et al. (2009). "[Postpartum cerebral venous sinus thrombosis after epidural anaesthesia]". Anaesthesist. 58 (3): 268–72. doi:10.1007/s00101-008-1490-z. PMID 19107452.
↑ Vaidya B, Coulthard A, Goonetilleke A, Burn DJ, James RA, Kendall-Taylor P (1998). "Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: a late sequel of invasive fibrous thyroiditis". Thyroid. 8 (9): 787–90. doi:10.1089/thy.1998.8.787. PMID 9777750.
↑ Stiebel-Kalish H, Setton A, Nimii Y, Kalish Y, Hartman J, Huna Bar-On R; et al. (2002). "Cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous malformations: patterns of venous drainage are related to clinical signs and symptoms". Ophthalmology. 109 (9): 1685–91. PMID 12208718.
↑ Bertz H, Laubenberger J, Steinfurth G, Finke J (1998). "Sinus venous thrombosis: an unusual cause for neurologic symptoms after bone marrow transplantation under immunosuppression". Transplantation. 66 (2): 241–4. PMID 9701272.
↑ ^25.00 ^25.01 ^25.02 ^25.03 ^25.04 ^25.05 ^25.06 ^25.07 ^25.08 ^25.09 ^25.10 ^25.11 ^25.12 Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS; et al. (2014). "Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report". J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 40 (4): 195–8. doi:10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195. PMC 4170663. PMID 25247150.
↑ ^26.0 ^26.1 Botta R, Donirpathi S, Yadav R, Kulkarni GB, Kumar MV, Nagaraja D (2017). "Headache Patterns in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis". J Neurosci Rural Pract. 8 (Suppl 1): S72–S77. doi:10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_339_16. PMC 5602266. PMID 28936075.
↑ ^27.0 ^27.1 ^27.2 ^27.3 ^27.4 ^27.5 ^27.6 ^27.7 Mallick A, Pathak SD, Shankar S, Sati A (2015). "Early cavernous sinus thrombosis following unilateral pansinusitis in a child". BMJ Case Rep. 2015. doi:10.1136/bcr-2014-208441. PMC 4422932. PMID 25917067.
↑ Sha DJ, Qian J, Gu SS, Wang LN, Wang F, Xu Y (2018). "Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis complicated by seizures: a retrospective analysis of 69 cases". J Thromb Thrombolysis. 45 (1): 186–191. doi:10.1007/s11239-017-1570-5. PMC 5756278. PMID 29039017.

Template:WH Template:WS

[pmid19383052-1] Saadatnia M, Fatehi F, Basiri K, Mousavi SA, Mehr GK (2009). "Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis risk factors". Int J Stroke. 4 (2): 111–23. doi:10.1111/j.1747-4949.2009.00260.x. PMID 19383052.

[pmid6753578-2] Hickey WF, Garnick MB, Henderson IC, Dawson DM (1982). "Primary cerebral venous thrombosis in patients with cancer--a rarely diagnosed paraneoplastic syndrome. Report of three cases and review of the literature". Am J Med. 73 (5): 740–50. PMID 6753578.

[pmid29142871-3] Aggarwal K, Rastogi S, Joshi A, Kumar A, Chaurasia A, Prakash R (2017). "Cavernous sinus thrombosis following dental extraction: a rare case report and forgotten entity". J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 43 (5): 351–355. doi:10.5125/jkaoms.2017.43.5.351. PMC 5685866. PMID 29142871.

[pmid8841317-4] Zuber M, Toulon P, Marnet L, Mas JL (1996). "Factor V Leiden mutation in cerebral venous thrombosis". Stroke. 27 (10): 1721–3. PMID 8841317.

[pmid26019885-5] Attia TH, Fawzi HA, Desouki IS (2015). "Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in heterozygous prothrombin G20210A mutation in Egyptian child, with an excellent outcome". Oxf Med Case Reports. 2015 (5): 284–7. doi:10.1093/omcr/omv035. PMC 4434574. PMID 26019885.

[pmid27688576-6] Kumaravelu S, Gupta A, Singh KK (2008). "Cerebral Venous Thrombosis". Med J Armed Forces India. 64 (4): 355–60. doi:10.1016/S0377-1237(08)80021-4. PMC 5035253. PMID 27688576.

[pmid25674132-7] Ali N, Ayyub M, Khan SA (2014). "High prevalence of protein C, protein S, antithrombin deficiency, and Factor V Leiden mutation as a cause of hereditary thrombophilia in patients of venous thromboembolism and cerebrovascular accident". Pak J Med Sci. 30 (6): 1323–6. doi:10.12669/pjms.306.5878. PMC 4320724. PMID 25674132.

[pmid24920982-8] Bucurescu S (2014). "Recurrent cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in a patient with increased factor VIII activity, increased lipoprotein (a) level and leukocytosis: a case report". J Vasc Interv Neurol. 7 (1): 8–10. PMC 4051910. PMID 24920982.

[pmid26049680-9] Rudich DS, Yun SH, Liebling A, Silbert JE, Moeckel GW, Lesser RL (2015). "Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome: Raised Intracranial Pressure Without Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis". J Neuroophthalmol. 35 (4): 396–9. doi:10.1097/WNO.0000000000000277. PMID 26049680.

[pmid17685134-10] Shen HC, Lo YK, Li JY, Lai PH (2007). "Familial hyperhomocysteinemia-related cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a case report". Acta Neurol Taiwan. 16 (2): 98–101. PMID 17685134.

[pmid29095327-11] Gleichgerrcht E, Lim MY, Turan TN (2017). "Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Due to Low-molecular-weight Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia". Neurologist. 22 (6): 241–244. doi:10.1097/NRL.0000000000000146. PMID 29095327.

[pmid27146007-12] López F, Santamarta E, Martínez P, Sáiz-Ayala A, Llorente JL (2017). "Cavernous sinus thrombosis during pregnancy". Auris Nasus Larynx. 44 (2): 232–236. doi:10.1016/j.anl.2016.04.006. PMID 27146007.

[pmid26974867-13] Zuurbier SM, Arnold M, Middeldorp S, Broeg-Morvay A, Silvis SM, Heldner MR; et al. (2016). "Risk of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in Obese Women". JAMA Neurol. 73 (5): 579–84. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.0001. PMID 26974867.

[pmid29362285-14] Kawahara I, Toyoda K, Hirose M, Kitagawa N (2018). "[Rapid Recanalization of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Secondary to Severe Dehydration:A Case Report]". No Shinkei Geka. 46 (1): 47–52. doi:10.11477/mf.1436203674. PMID 29362285.

[pmid28798906-15] Ichord R (2017). "Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis". Front Pediatr. 5: 163. doi:10.3389/fped.2017.00163. PMC 5529336. PMID 28798906.

[pmid14370762-16] RUSSELL A, FEARING SJ (1955). "Cavernous sinus thrombosis in a diabetic; report of a case". Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 8 (4): 372–7. PMID 14370762.

[pmid27928417-17] Weerasinghe D, Lueck CJ (2016). "Septic Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis: Case Report and Review of the Literature". Neuroophthalmology. 40 (6): 263–276. doi:10.1080/01658107.2016.1230138. PMC 5120738. PMID 27928417.

[pmid22567255-18] Sasidharan PK (2012). "Cerebral vein thrombosis misdiagnosed and mismanaged". Thrombosis. 2012: 210676. doi:10.1155/2012/210676. PMC 3337512. PMID 22567255.

[pmid27695236-19] Yadegari S, Ghorbani A, Miri SR, Abdollahi M, Rostami M (2016). "Clinical features, risk factors, and outcome of cerebral venous thrombosis in Tehran, Iran". J Neurosci Rural Pract. 7 (4): 554–558. doi:10.4103/0976-3147.185512. PMC 5006468. PMID 27695236.

[pmid26246095-20] Selvitop O, Poretti A, Huisman TA, Wagner MW (2015). "Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in a child with Crohn's disease, otitis media, and meningitis". Neuroradiol J. 28 (3): 274–7. doi:10.1177/1971400915589688. PMC 4757291. PMID 26246095.

[pmid19107452-21] Jungmann V, Werner R, Bergmann J, Daum J, Wöhrle JC, Dünnebacke J; et al. (2009). "[Postpartum cerebral venous sinus thrombosis after epidural anaesthesia]". Anaesthesist. 58 (3): 268–72. doi:10.1007/s00101-008-1490-z. PMID 19107452.

[pmid9777750-22] Vaidya B, Coulthard A, Goonetilleke A, Burn DJ, James RA, Kendall-Taylor P (1998). "Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: a late sequel of invasive fibrous thyroiditis". Thyroid. 8 (9): 787–90. doi:10.1089/thy.1998.8.787. PMID 9777750.

[pmid12208718-23] Stiebel-Kalish H, Setton A, Nimii Y, Kalish Y, Hartman J, Huna Bar-On R; et al. (2002). "Cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous malformations: patterns of venous drainage are related to clinical signs and symptoms". Ophthalmology. 109 (9): 1685–91. PMID 12208718.

[pmid9701272-24] Bertz H, Laubenberger J, Steinfurth G, Finke J (1998). "Sinus venous thrombosis: an unusual cause for neurologic symptoms after bone marrow transplantation under immunosuppression". Transplantation. 66 (2): 241–4. PMID 9701272.

[pmid25247150-25] 25.00 ^25.01 ^25.02 ^25.03 ^25.04 ^25.05 ^25.06 ^25.07 ^25.08 ^25.09 ^25.10 ^25.11 ^25.12 Yeo GS, Kim HY, Kim H, Kwak EJ, Jung YS, Park HS; et al. (2014). "Cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by a dental infection: a case report". J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 40 (4): 195–8. doi:10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.4.195. PMC 4170663. PMID 25247150.

[pmid28936075-26] 26.0 ^26.1 Botta R, Donirpathi S, Yadav R, Kulkarni GB, Kumar MV, Nagaraja D (2017). "Headache Patterns in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis". J Neurosci Rural Pract. 8 (Suppl 1): S72–S77. doi:10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_339_16. PMC 5602266. PMID 28936075.

[pmid25917067-27] 27.0 ^27.1 ^27.2 ^27.3 ^27.4 ^27.5 ^27.6 ^27.7 Mallick A, Pathak SD, Shankar S, Sati A (2015). "Early cavernous sinus thrombosis following unilateral pansinusitis in a child". BMJ Case Rep. 2015. doi:10.1136/bcr-2014-208441. PMC 4422932. PMID 25917067.

[pmid29039017-28] Sha DJ, Qian J, Gu SS, Wang LN, Wang F, Xu Y (2018). "Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis complicated by seizures: a retrospective analysis of 69 cases". J Thromb Thrombolysis. 45 (1): 186–191. doi:10.1007/s11239-017-1570-5. PMC 5756278. PMID 29039017.

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Cavernous sinus thrombosis history and symptoms

Overview

History and Symptoms

History

Less Common Risk Factors

Symptoms

References

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