Lupus nephritis risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omer Kamal, M.D. [2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of Lupus nephritis may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.[1][2][3]
Risk Factors
- The most potent risk factor in the development of Lupus nephritis include is auto-immunity. Other risk factors include race, gender, infections and drugs.[1][2]
Common Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of Lupus nephritis may be:[2]
Race:
- African-Americans[2]
Gender:
- Females are more likely to develop Lupus nephritis[2]
Infections:
- Viruses specially retroviruses
Drugs:
Genetics
- Fc gamma RIIIA-V/F158[3]
Less Common Risk Factors:
Less common risk factors in the development of Lupus nephritis include:[2]
- C4A or C4B
- Hyopcomplementemia
- Low production of Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bastian HM, Roseman JM, McGwin G, Alarcón GS, Friedman AW, Fessler BJ, Baethge BA, Reveille JD (2002). "Systemic lupus erythematosus in three ethnic groups. XII. Risk factors for lupus nephritis after diagnosis". Lupus. 11 (3): 152–60. doi:10.1191/0961203302lu158oa. PMID 12004788.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Cameron JS (February 1999). "Lupus nephritis". J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 10 (2): 413–24. PMID 10215343.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Karassa FB, Trikalinos TA, Ioannidis JP (April 2003). "The Fc gamma RIIIA-F158 allele is a risk factor for the development of lupus nephritis: a meta-analysis". Kidney Int. 63 (4): 1475–82. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00873.x. PMID 12631364.