Lupus nephritis echocardiography or ultrasound

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with [disease name].

OR

Echocardiography/ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an echocardiography/ultrasound suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with [disease name]. However, an echocardiography/ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

Ultrasound

Ultrasound can be used for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus complications. It can also be used for screening and monitoring the disease activity during pregnancy.^[1] The table below presents the main ultrasound findings regarding the organ system involvement in SLE:^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Organ	Sonography findings	Preview
Gastrointestinal	General Free fluid in the abdomen suggestive of ascites Liver Hepatomegaly Hepatic steatosis Pancreas Hypoechoic necrosis regions May accompany vascular complications, e.g. thrombosis Spleen Splenomegaly In cases of autosplenectomy, ultrasound will either not be able to demonstrate a spleen at all, or identify a small irregular and shadowing nodule in the splenic bed Cholecystitis Gallbladder wall thickening (>3 mm) and pericholecystic fluid Positive murphy sign Gallbladder distension	Adapted from Radiopaedia Adapted from Radiopaedia
Renal	Generally hyperechoic kidneys Loss of corticomedullary differentiation The size of the kidneys vary depending on the duration of the involvement Small and diffusely echogenic kidneys mostly on SLE-related chronic renal failure
Pulmonary	Pleural effusion Echo-free space between the visceral and parietal pleura	Adapted from Radiopaedia
Joints	Synovial proliferation Synovial effusions and subclinical synovitis Usually no erosions (the difference between SLE and RA) Tenosynovitis Global thickening with effusion in the sheath of tendon	Adapted from Radiopaedia
Raynaud phenomenon	Doppler sonography In the presence of Raynaud phenomenon, may show flow volume and vessel size irregularities

References

↑ Giancotti A, Spagnuolo A, Bisogni F, D'Ambrosio V, Pasquali G, Panici PB (2011). "Pregnancy and systemic lupus erythematosus: role of ultrasound monitoring". Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 154 (2): 233–4. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.10.020. PMID 21144639.
↑ Lins CF, Santiago MB (2015). "Ultrasound evaluation of joints in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review". Eur Radiol. 25 (9): 2688–92. doi:10.1007/s00330-015-3670-y. PMID 25716942.
↑ Virdi RP, Bashir A, Shahzad G, Iqbal J, Mejia JO (2012). "Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: a rare life-threatening condition in systemic lupus erythematosus". Case Rep Pulmonol. 2012: 836017. doi:10.1155/2012/836017. PMC 3420594. PMID 22934226.
↑ Ossandon A, Iagnocco A, Alessandri C, Priori R, Conti F, Valesini G (2009). "Ultrasonographic depiction of knee joint alterations in systemic lupus erythematosus". Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 27 (2): 329–32. PMID 19473577.
↑ Iagnocco A, Ceccarelli F, Rizzo C, Truglia S, Massaro L, Spinelli FR, Vavala C, Valesini G, Conti F (2014). "Ultrasound evaluation of hand, wrist and foot joint synovitis in systemic lupus erythematosus". Rheumatology (Oxford). 53 (3): 465–72. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ket376. PMID 24231444.

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[pmid21144639-1] Giancotti A, Spagnuolo A, Bisogni F, D'Ambrosio V, Pasquali G, Panici PB (2011). "Pregnancy and systemic lupus erythematosus: role of ultrasound monitoring". Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 154 (2): 233–4. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.10.020. PMID 21144639.

[pmid25716942-2] Lins CF, Santiago MB (2015). "Ultrasound evaluation of joints in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review". Eur Radiol. 25 (9): 2688–92. doi:10.1007/s00330-015-3670-y. PMID 25716942.

[pmid22934226-3] Virdi RP, Bashir A, Shahzad G, Iqbal J, Mejia JO (2012). "Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: a rare life-threatening condition in systemic lupus erythematosus". Case Rep Pulmonol. 2012: 836017. doi:10.1155/2012/836017. PMC 3420594. PMID 22934226.

[pmid19473577-4] Ossandon A, Iagnocco A, Alessandri C, Priori R, Conti F, Valesini G (2009). "Ultrasonographic depiction of knee joint alterations in systemic lupus erythematosus". Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 27 (2): 329–32. PMID 19473577.

[pmid24231444-5] Iagnocco A, Ceccarelli F, Rizzo C, Truglia S, Massaro L, Spinelli FR, Vavala C, Valesini G, Conti F (2014). "Ultrasound evaluation of hand, wrist and foot joint synovitis in systemic lupus erythematosus". Rheumatology (Oxford). 53 (3): 465–72. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ket376. PMID 24231444.

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Lupus nephritis echocardiography or ultrasound

Overview

Ultrasound

Ultrasound

References

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