Lupus nephritis overview
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Historical Perspective
Lupus Nephritis was first discovered by Osler and Jadassohn, two physicians, in 1948 by the discovery of the LE cell in 1948. The word "lupus" means wolf in Latin, as the destructive injuries SLE causes brought to mind wolf bites. The history of lupus erythematosus can be divided into three periods: classical, neoclassical, and modern. The classical period mostly refers to ancient history, when there was no exact definition of the disease. During the neoclassical lupus era, scientists investigated the manifestations of lupus and worked to define the disease's action. Modern history is mostly focused on a microscopical understanding of the disease and pathogenesis of SLE.
Classification
Lupus nephritis may be classified according to the Renal Pathology Society/International Society of Nephrology (RPS/ISN) classification which includes minimal mesangial lupus nephritis (class I), mesangial proliferative lupus nephritis (class II), focal lupus nephritis (class III), diffuse lupus nephritis (class IV), lupus membranous nephropathy (class V) and advanced sclerosing lupus nephritis (class VI)
Pathophysiology
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, or lupus) is an autoimmune disease. This means there is a problem with the body's immune system. Normally, the immune system helps protect the body from harmful substances. But in patients with an autoimmune disease, the immune system cannot tell the difference between harmful substances and healthy ones. As a result, the immune system attacks otherwise healthy cells and tissue.