Sideroblastic anemia epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
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Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Hereditary sideroblastic anemia, being sex-linked, primarily affects males.
• Primary acquired sideroblastic anemia is usually a disease of the elderly.In 25 bone marrow biopsies of children younger than 13 years from Atlanta, Georgia (United States), with anemia, the prevalence of ringed sideroblasts was 8%. [50]
In France, the prevalence of ringed sideroblasts was 57% in patients with primary MDS. [51] In the United Kingdom, amongst healthy volunteers undergoing bone marrow biopsy, siderotic granules (not ring sideroblasts) were present in 29% of men and 19% of women. [52]
Although usually manifested in childhood, congenital X-linked sideroblastic anemia due to ALAS mutation can remain undiagnosed and then present late in the fourth to eighth decades of life. [53, 54] The median age of occurrence of primary acquired sideroblastic anemia is 74 years. [55]
X-linked recessive types of sideroblastic anemia occur more commonly in males. A female would have to inherit 1 abnormal chromosome from each parent to acquire the disease. Progesterone and pregnancy have been reported to induce relapse of sideroblastic anemia. [