Scoliosis causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rohan A. Bhimani, M.B.B.S., D.N.B., M.Ch.[2]
Overview
The most common cause of scoliosis is idiopathic. Less common causes of scoliosis include congenital and neuromuscular.
Causes
There are three general causes of scoliosis:
- Congenital (present at birth) scoliosis is due to failure of vertebral formation or segmentation of affected vertebrae in utero.
- Neuromuscular scoliosis is caused by problems such as poor muscle control or muscle weakness, or paralysis due to diseases such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, spina bifida, and polio.
- Idiopathic scoliosis is scoliosis of unknown cause. Idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents is the most common type.
Nonstructural scoliosis
- Appendicitis
- Local inflammation
- Leg length discrepancy
- Muscle spasms
Structural scoliosis
- Amyoplasia congenita
- Arthrogryposis
- Bechterew's Disease
- Benign tumors
- Brucella infection of the spine
- Cerebral Palsy
- Chondrodysplasia
- Dislocation
- Dwarfism
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- Fredrick's Ataxia
- Hemivertebra
- Homocystinuria
- Irradiation
- Malignant tumors
- Marfan's Syndrome
- Morquio's Disease
- Muscular Dystrophy
- Osteogenesis imperfecta
- Osteomalacia
- Osteoporosis
- Polyomyelitis
- Postoperative
- Rheumatic disease of the spine
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Rickets
- Salmonella infection of the spine
- Scheuermann's disease
- Spinal cord trauma
- Spinal muscular atrophy
- Still's Disease
- Syringomyelia
- Tuberculosis of the spine
- Unilateral bar
- VonRecklinghausen's Disease
Causes
Life-threatening Causes
- Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of disease name, however complications resulting from untreated disease name is common.
- Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
- [Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].
Common Causes
[Disease name] may be caused by:
- [Cause1]
- [Cause2]
- [Cause3]
OR
- [Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
- [Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of disease name include:
- [Cause1]
- [Cause2]
- [Cause3]
Genetic Causes
- Scoliosis is caused by a mutation in the Mendelian gene, CHD7 gene and PAX1 gene.
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |