Guillain-Barré syndrome causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [2]

Overview

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute, autoimmune, polyradiculoneuropathy affecting the peripheral nervous system, usually triggered by an acute infectious process. The exact cause of Guillain-Barre syndrome is unknown. However, it has been associated with an antecedence of minor infections (lung, sinus or diarrhea) with campylobacter jejuni. It has also been linked to flu vaccine but the incidence is rare.

Causes

Common Causes

• Campylobacter jejuni
  • Most common cause of gastroenteritis
  • Most common infection associated with GBS
  • There is a strong association between C. jejuni and AMAN type of GBS.
  • The C. jejuni LPS contains a tetrasaccharide which is similar to GM1.
  • C. jejuni can also cause MFS
  • It has antigens similar to GQ1b which is found in ocular motor nerves so it can cause ophthalmoplegia.

• Cytomegalovirus
  • This virus can cause respiratory infection, mononucleosis and flu-like symptoms.
  • The most common virus associated with GBS.
  • It will mostly cause AIDP in young females.
  • In some of the patients’ serum we can detect antibodies against GM2.

• Haemophilus influenza