Testicular cancer differential diagnosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shanshan Cen, M.D. [2]
Overview
Testicular cancer must be differentiated from epididymitis, hematocele, hydrocele, spermatocele, granulomatous orchitis, and varicocele.
Differentiating Testicular cancer from other Diseases
Testicular cancer must be differentiated from:
| Diseases | Benign/ Malignant | Unilateral/Bilateral | History | Demography | Metastasis | Genetics | Histopathology | Clinical manifestations | Para-clinical findings | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain | Mass | Physical examination | |||||||||||
| Lab Findings | Imaging | ||||||||||||
| Germ Cell | Seminoma[1][2] | Malignant | Unilateral | History of cryptorchidism
Excellent prognosis |
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Late metastasis | Stains positively for ALP, c-KIT, CD30, EMA, and glycogen |
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- | + |
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Elevated serum placental ALP (PALP) | Ultrasound:
Homogeneous hypoechoic intratesticular mass Cysts and calcificications are uncommon Inhomogenous feature in larger mass |
| Embryonal carcinoma | |||||||||||||
| Yolk sac tumor | |||||||||||||
| Teratoma | |||||||||||||
| Choriocarcinoma | |||||||||||||
| Diseases | Benign/ Malignant | Unilateral/Bilateral | History | Demography | Metastasis | Genetics | Histopathology | Pain | Mass | Physical exam | Lab Findings | Imaging | |
| Non germ cell | Leydig cell tumor | ||||||||||||
| Sertoli cell tumor | |||||||||||||
| Testicular lymphoma | |||||||||||||
| Carcinoma in situ of the testicle | |||||||||||||
References
- ↑ Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A (2016). "Cancer statistics, 2016". CA Cancer J Clin. 66 (1): 7–30. doi:10.3322/caac.21332. PMID 26742998.
- ↑ Miller FH, Whitney WS, Fitzgerald SW, Miller EI (1999). "Seminomas complicating undescended intraabdominal testes in patients with prior negative findings from surgical exploration". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 172 (2): 425–8. doi:10.2214/ajr.172.2.9930796. PMID 9930796.