Neck of femur fracture physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rohan A. Bhimani, M.B.B.S., D.N.B., M.Ch.[2]

Overview

Patients with neck of femur fracture usually appears well. Physical examination of patients with tibial plateau fracture is usually remarkable for swelling, tenderness, bruises, ecchymosis, deformity and restricted range of motion of the leg.

Physical Examination

Physical examination of patients with neck of femur fracture is usually remarkable for swelling, tenderness, bruises, ecchymosis, deformity and restricted range of motion of the leg.

Clinical image of neck of femur fracture showing shortening and deformity. Source: Case courtesy DocP at German Wikipedia [CC BY-SA 3.0 de (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/deed.en), from Wikimedia Commons]

Appearance of the Patient

• Patients with neck of femur fracture usually appears well.

Vital Signs

• Weak pulse may be seen when associated with polytrauma.
• Low blood pressure with normal pulse pressure may be present due to compound fracture with blood loss.

Skin

• Skin examination of patients with neck of femur fracture includes:
  • Bruises
  • Ecchymosis

HEENT

• HEENT examination of patients with neck of femur fracture is usually normal.

Neck

• Neck examination of patients with neck of femur fracture is normal.

Lungs

• Pulmonary examination of patients with neck of femur fracture is usually normal.

Heart

• Cardiovascular examination of patients with neck of femur fracture is usually normal.

Abdomen

• Abdominal examination of patients with neck of femur fracture is usually normal.

Back

• Back examination of patients with neck of femur fracture is usually normal.

Genitourinary

• Genitourinary examination of patients with neck of femur fracture is usually normal.

Neuromuscular

• Neuromuscular examination of patients with neck of femur fracture is usually normal.
• However, some patients may develop neuropraxia of the common peroneal nerve resulting in decreased sensation of toes, foot and leg.

Extremities

• Hip examination of patients with neck of femur fracture include:
  • Swelling
  • Shortening
  • Tenderness
  • Deformity in the form of flexion, aabduction and external rotation
  • Knee Dislocation
  • Restricted range of motion
  • Tingling and decreased sensation of toes, foot and leg
  • Decreased sensation over the shin and the calf can be due to nerve injury
  • Weakness in leg

References

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