Duchenne muscular dystrophy physical examination

Duchenne muscular dystrophy Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D.

Overview

Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance]. Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

Common physical examination findings of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].

OR

The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].

Physical Examination

Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Appearance of the Patient

• Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy usually have waddling or Trendelenburg gait

Vital Signs

• Hyperthermia may be present mostly due to respiratory infections
• Irregularly pulse may be present
• Tachypnea at first due to hypercapnea and bradypnea after respiratory muscle exhaustion

Skin

• Skin examination of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy is usually normal

HEENT

• HEENT examination of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy is usually normal

Neck

• Neck deviation may be present

Lungs

• Decreased chest expansion
• Use of accessory breath muscles
• Decreased breath sounds may be seen in case of pneumonia
• Fine/coarse crackles upon auscultation of the lung may be present in case of pneumonia

Heart

• Arrythmia may be present.

Abdomen

• Abdomen sticks out because of the lordosis

Back

• Scoliosis
• Abnormal spinal curves (specially lordosis)

Genitourinary

• Urinary dysfunction may be present

Neuromuscular

• Patient is usually oriented to persons, place, and time
• Hyporeflexia / areflexia may be present
• Muscle weakness specially in the lower limbs
• Waddling gait

Extremities

• Calf muscle hypertrophy
• Foot drop
• Tight heel cord
• Backward bending of the knee
• Muscle atrophy in thighs and buttock