Sexcord/ stromal ovarian tumors history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: ; Maneesha Nandimandalam, M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
The most common symptoms of sexcord/ stromal ovarian tumors include adnexal mass, bloating, urinary urgency or frequency, dysphagia(difficulty eating) or feeling full quickly, pelvic or abdominal pain. Less common symptoms of sexcord/ stromal ovarian tumors include lymphadenopathy, postmenopausal bleeding, typical features of bowel obstruction like nausea, vomiting, and distention. Specific symptoms pertinent to sexcord/ stromal ovarian tumors include hirsutism(excessive hairgrowth), virilization, menstrual changes like abnormal uterine bleeding, precocious puberty in children.
History and Symptoms
- Patients with ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors present in a much similar way as epithelial ovarian neoplasms, although a few sub-types do vary in their presentation[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
- Broadly we can categorize them as acute and subacute presentations
Common Symptoms/presentations
- Adnexal mass:
- This is the most common presentation of ovarian cancer
- It may be discovered due to symptoms of pelvic pain or pressure, or sometimes may be found on a routine pelvic examination or an imaging study performed for detecting another medical condition
- Abdominal & pelvic symptoms:
- Bloating
- Urinary urgency or frequency
- Dysphagia(difficulty eating) or feeling full quickly
- Pelvic or abdominal pain
less common symptoms/presentations
Acute presentations
They can manifest themselves as bowel obstruction, pleural effusion and even venous thromboembolism
- Pleural effusions:
- They usually present with shortness of breath
- We should proceed with a chest x-ray, followed by thoracentesis which reveals a malignant pleural effusion
- Bowel obstruction:
- Patients usually present with typical features of bowel obstruction like nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and distention
Symptoms specific to sexcord-stromal tumors
- In contrast to epithelial and germ cell tumors, however, sex cord-stromal tumors usually present with symptoms and signs of excess hormonal production, such as: [9][10][11][12]
- Hirsutism(excessive hairgrowth)
- Virilization
- Menstrual changes like abnormal uterine bleeding
- Precocious puberty in children
References
- ↑ Zheng G, Yu H, Kanerva A, Försti A, Sundquist K, Hemminki K (2018). "Familial risks of ovarian cancer by age at diagnosis, proband type and histology". PLoS ONE. 13 (10): e0205000. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205000. PMC 6169923. PMID 30281663.
- ↑ Olson SH, Mignone L, Nakraseive C, Caputo TA, Barakat RR, Harlap S (August 2001). "Symptoms of ovarian cancer". Obstet Gynecol. 98 (2): 212–7. PMID 11506835.
- ↑ Vine MF, Ness RB, Calingaert B, Schildkraut JM, Berchuck A (December 2001). "Types and duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis of invasive or borderline ovarian tumor". Gynecol. Oncol. 83 (3): 466–71. doi:10.1006/gyno.2001.6411. PMID 11733956.
- ↑ Yawn BP, Barrette BA, Wollan PC (October 2004). "Ovarian cancer: the neglected diagnosis". Mayo Clin. Proc. 79 (10): 1277–82. doi:10.4065/79.10.1277. PMID 15473410.
- ↑ Goff BA, Mandel LS, Melancon CH, Muntz HG (June 2004). "Frequency of symptoms of ovarian cancer in women presenting to primary care clinics". JAMA. 291 (22): 2705–12. doi:10.1001/jama.291.22.2705. PMID 15187051.
- ↑ Goff BA, Mandel LS, Drescher CW, Urban N, Gough S, Schurman KM, Patras J, Mahony BS, Andersen MR (January 2007). "Development of an ovarian cancer symptom index: possibilities for earlier detection". Cancer. 109 (2): 221–7. doi:10.1002/cncr.22371. PMID 17154394.
- ↑ Goff B (March 2012). "Symptoms associated with ovarian cancer". Clin Obstet Gynecol. 55 (1): 36–42. doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e3182480523. PMID 22343227.
- ↑ Webb PM, Purdie DM, Grover S, Jordan S, Dick ML, Green AC (January 2004). "Symptoms and diagnosis of borderline, early and advanced epithelial ovarian cancer". Gynecol. Oncol. 92 (1): 232–9. PMID 14751164.
- ↑ Schultz KA, Harris AK, Schneider DT, Young RH, Brown J, Gershenson DM, Dehner LP, Hill DA, Messinger YH, Frazier AL (October 2016). "Ovarian Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors". J Oncol Pract. 12 (10): 940–946. doi:10.1200/JOP.2016.016261. PMC 5063189. PMID 27858560.
- ↑ Horta M, Cunha TM (2015). "Sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary: a comprehensive review and update for radiologists". Diagn Interv Radiol. 21 (4): 277–86. doi:10.5152/dir.2015.34414. PMC 4498422. PMID 26054417.
- ↑ Varras M, Vasilakaki T, Skafida E, Akrivis C (June 2011). "Clinical, ultrasonographic, computed tomography and histopathological manifestations of ovarian steroid cell tumour, not otherwise specified: our experience of a rare case with female virilisation and review of the literature". Gynecol. Endocrinol. 27 (6): 412–8. doi:10.3109/09513590.2010.495432. PMID 20586551.
- ↑ Outwater EK, Wagner BJ, Mannion C, McLarney JK, Kim B (1998). "Sex cord-stromal and steroid cell tumors of the ovary". Radiographics. 18 (6): 1523–46. doi:10.1148/radiographics.18.6.9821198. PMID 9821198.