Uveal melanoma risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]
Overview
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of uveal melanoma include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
Common Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of uveal melanoma include:
- Age: The mean age for uveal melanoma is 55 years old and its incidence drops after 70 years of age.[1][2][3]
- Mael gender
- Race: Whites are more commonly affected by uveal melanoma than blacks.
- Genetic
- Ocular nevi[4]
- Hormones: Pregnancy may increase the incidence of uveal melanoma.[5]
- Impaired immune system[6]
- light colored-irides[7]
- Sunlight exposure[8]
- Trauma[9]
Less Common Risk Factors
- Less common risk factors in the development of uveal melanoma include:
- Melanocytosis[10]
- Fluorescent lighting
- Viruses (togavirus) (ref: PMID: 545833)
References
- ↑ Egan, Kathleen M.; Seddon, Johanna M.; Glynn, Robert J.; Gragoudas, Evangelos S.; Albert, Daniel M. (1988). "Epidemiologic aspects of uveal melanoma". Survey of Ophthalmology. 32 (4): 239–251. doi:10.1016/0039-6257(88)90173-7. ISSN 0039-6257.
- ↑ Uveal melanoma. National Cancer Institute(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/hp/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq Accessed on October 24 2015
- ↑ van, J.G.M.; Koopmans, A.E.; Verdijk, R.M.; Naus, N.C.; de, A.; Kilic, E. (2013). "Diagnosis, Histopathologic and Genetic Classification of Uveal Melanoma". doi:10.5772/53631.
- ↑ Reese, Algernon B. (1944). "Pigment Freckles of the Iris (Benign Melanomas): Their Significance in Relation to Malignant Melanoma of the Uvea⋆". American Journal of Ophthalmology. 27 (3): 217–226. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(44)91382-6. ISSN 0002-9394.
- ↑ Siegel, Ralph (1963). "Malignant Ocular Melanoma During Pregnancy". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 185 (6): 542. doi:10.1001/jama.1963.03060060140028. ISSN 0098-7484.
- ↑ Fisher, M.; Kripke, M. (1982). "Suppressor T lymphocytes control the development of primary skin cancers in ultraviolet-irradiated mice". Science. 216 (4550): 1133–1134. doi:10.1126/science.6210958. ISSN 0036-8075.
- ↑ "Risk Factors for Ocular Melanoma: Western Canada Melanoma Study<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">3</xref>". JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1985. doi:10.1093/jnci/74.4.775. ISSN 1460-2105.
- ↑ Tucker, Margaret A.; Shields, Jerry A.; Hartge, Patricia; Augsburger, James; Hoover, Robert N.; Fraumeni, Joseph F. (1985). "Sunlight Exposure as Risk Factor for Intraocular Malignant Melanoma". New England Journal of Medicine. 313 (13): 789–792. doi:10.1056/NEJM198509263131305. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ Baba, F. E.; Blumenkranz, M. (1986). "Malignant Melanoma at the Site of Penetrating Ocular Trauma". Archives of Ophthalmology. 104 (3): 405–409. doi:10.1001/archopht.1986.01050150105038. ISSN 0003-9950.
- ↑ Beral, Valerie; Shaw, Helen; Evans, Susan; Milton, Gerald (1982). "MALIGNANT MELANOMA AND EXPOSURE TO FLUORESCENT LIGHTING AT WORK". The Lancet. 320 (8293): 290–293. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(82)90270-7. ISSN 0140-6736.